Analysis of the Possibilities of Using HBIM Technology in the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Based on a Review of the Latest Research Carried out in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
BIM in Cultural Heritage Protection
- Analysis of activities carried out in Poland towards the preservation of cultural heritage using the BIM and HBIM technologies.
- Analysis of the procedure for creating a 3D object with the use of available digital tools and the possibility of preparing HBIM with the use of laser scanning and photogrammetry.
- Analysis of discrepancies in implementing BIM technology and creating 3D models for cultural heritage objects.
2. Materials and Methods
3. BIM/HBIM against the Background of Europe and Poland
3.1. Examples of Different Levels of detail in the Elaboration of 3D Models of Cultural Heritage Objects in Poland
3.1.1. Centennial Hall in Wrocław
3.1.2. The Wang Temple in Karpacz
3.1.3. St. Gertrude Chapel in Koszalin
3.1.4. Church in Iwięcino
4. Results
4.1. Comparative Assessment
4.2. Guidelines for HBIM
- unification of the saving file format in form of the open IFC format,
- development of an object and library objects with a minimum level of detail of LOD 300,
- assigning conservation data in the form of interactive conservation files to movable objects, 3D models, which constitute interior furnishings or an architectural detail of an object,
- open access to object data for the purpose of analysis and protection of the object through the possibility of creating a maintenance plan for object management.
5. Discussion
Limitations of Research
6. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Facility Name | Data Acquisition Technology | Data Processing Technology, Software Used | Type of Model Developed, Information Included | The Direction of Further Editing and Development of Information about the Object |
---|---|---|---|---|
Centennial Hall in Wroclaw | Faro X330 scanner, spherical photography More than 50 scans inside and out | Two BIM operating methods I Autodesk ReCap, AutoCAD, Revit, Meshlab, BIM software II: FARO SCANE, Geomagic Design X, Rhino Ceros | Digital model of the object in BIM technology, which was used to describe the condition of preservation of the Hall structure, The model contains construction and material information, unique library elements created for the needs of the construction study | The possibility of further editing the data about the object and overlaying the BIM model with subsequent scans revealing changes in the geometry of the building |
Wang Temple in Karpacz | Z + F IMAGER 5010c scanner, 12 external scans, 24 internal scans | Software: ZF- LaserControl, ArchiCAD, PointCab | Digital model of an object in BIM/HBIM technology containing construction and material information, new library elements that have all definable information assigned, e.g., material, dimensions, functions, color, construction information, e.g., about past overhauls and repairs | The possibility of further editing object data about and supplementing information about its renovation, repairs, the model can be further detailed, thus making it possible to monitor the condition of the building |
St. Gertrude Chapel in Koszalin | Digital photography NIKON D200 and the AF S, NIKKOR 18mm lens, 16 photograms taken | Photomodeler Scanner, Rhino | No HBIM model, a solid 3D model of the object developed, with a texture applied using the mapping method, 2D and 3D drawings, | The file format enables exporting it to a CAD program and construction of a model in HBIM technology |
Church in Iwięcino | FARO scen 150, drones with 6K Cinema DNGRAW digital cameras, Optical scanners for moving objects, digital photos, over 100 measuring stations indoors and outdoors | Software: FARO SCANE scans and photograms, RealityCapture, 2D in Auto CAD, visualization in Unity engine | No HBIM model, a 3D surface model with an applied texture was developed, 2D and 3D drawings elaborated, visualization and 3D models of historic buildings were made, conservation files were attached to the models | The file format enables the construction of the model in HBIM technology, Moving 3D objects with monument conservation files can be constantly updated with new information |
Basic Model Parameters | Centennial Hall in Wroclaw | Wang Temple in Karpacz | St. Gertrude Chapel in Koszalin | Church in Iwięcino |
---|---|---|---|---|
Features of the object documentation model | BIM Model Structure/Architecture | BIM Model Structure/Architecture | 3D solid model | 3D surface model/3D models of movable items of church equipment |
Object libraries created for object development | yes | yes | no | no |
Option of editing and exchanging files in CAD software | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Material information included in the model | yes | yes | no/only the texture mapped | no/only the texture mapped |
Conservation study, including a description of the object | yes/publication available on the facility’s website | no | no | yes/descriptions available on the facility’s website |
Conservation information assigned to items of equipment | no | no | no | yes/available via the website of the facility |
Open access to information on the website | yes | no/only the subject publication available | no/only on the author’s website | yes |
Conservation management plan for the facility | yes | no | no | no |
Name of the Object in the Order of Advancement of the Implementation of HBIM Technology, According to the Proposed Four Principles | Advantages of the Study | Disadvantages of the Study |
---|---|---|
St. Gertrude Chapel in Koszalin | The easiest way to develop a model that can be exported to CAD software | No BIM model, no access to a 3D model saved in an open format and no interactive data, lack of conservation data |
Church in Iwięcino | Advanced 3D model with moving models and conservation data, the ability to export the published resource to CAD software, access to an interactive model database, models available in VR | No BIM model, no access to a 3D model saved in an open format |
Wang Temple in Karpacz | BIM model, data available solely in the application, own library database | Lack of access to the 3D model and interactive conservation data about the object, no access to the 3D model saved in an open format |
Centennial Hall in Wroclaw | BIM model, own library database, Object conservation management plan, | Lack of access to the 3D model and interactive conservation data about the object, no access to the 3D model saved in an open format |
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Janisio-Pawłowska, D. Analysis of the Possibilities of Using HBIM Technology in the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Based on a Review of the Latest Research Carried out in Poland. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10, 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100633
Janisio-Pawłowska D. Analysis of the Possibilities of Using HBIM Technology in the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Based on a Review of the Latest Research Carried out in Poland. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10(10):633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100633
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanisio-Pawłowska, Dorota. 2021. "Analysis of the Possibilities of Using HBIM Technology in the Protection of Cultural Heritage, Based on a Review of the Latest Research Carried out in Poland" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10: 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100633