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Article

Sex-Specific Associations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Population

by
Marie-Lena Schmalhofer
1,2,*,
Marcello R.P. Markus
1,2,
Jan C. Gras
1,2,
Juliane Kopp
1,2,
Deborah Janowitz
3,
Hans-Jörgen Grabe
3,4,
Stefan Groß
1,2,
Ralf Ewert
1,
Sven Gläser
5,
Diana Albrecht
6,7,
Ina Eiffler
8,
Henry Völzke
2,6,
Nele Friedrich
2,9,
Matthias Nauck
2,9,
Antje Steveling
10,
Stephanie Könemann
1,2,
Kristin Wenzel
1,2,
Stephan B. Felix
1,2,
Marcus Dörr
1,2 and
Martin Bahls
1,2,*
1
Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
2
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
3
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
4
DZNE (German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases), partner site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
5
Department of Internal Medicine, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, 13407 Berlin, Germany
6
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
7
Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
8
Institute for Cell Biology and Anatomy, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
9
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
10
Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2019, 9(10), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100630
Submission received: 28 August 2019 / Revised: 15 October 2019 / Accepted: 16 October 2019 / Published: 20 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Biological Factors)
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Abstract

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was initially considered to be neuron-specific. Meanwhile, this neurotrophin is peripherally also secreted by skeletal muscle cells and increases due to exercise. Whether BDNF is related to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is currently unclear. We analyzed the association of serum BDNF levels with CRF in the general population (Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND) from Northeast Germany; n = 1607, 51% female; median age 48 years). Sex-stratified linear regression models adjusted for age, height, smoking, body fat, lean mass, physical activity, and depression analyzed the association between BDNF and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak), maximal oxygen consumption normalized for body weight (VO2peak/kg), and oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold (VO2@AT). In women, 1 mL/min higher VO2peak, VO2peak/kg, and VO2@AT were associated with a 2.43 pg/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 to 3.69 pg/mL; p = 0.0002), 150.66 pg/mL (95% CI: 63.42 to 237.90 pg/mL; p = 0.0007), and 2.68 pg/mL (95% CI: 0.5 to 4.8 pg/mL; p = 0.01) higher BDNF serum concentration, respectively. No significant associations were found in men. Further research is needed to understand the sex-specific association between CRF and BDNF.
Keywords: BDNF; cardiorespiratory exercise capacity; cardiorespiratory fitness BDNF; cardiorespiratory exercise capacity; cardiorespiratory fitness
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MDPI and ACS Style

Schmalhofer, M.-L.; Markus, M.R.P.; Gras, J.C.; Kopp, J.; Janowitz, D.; Grabe, H.-J.; Groß, S.; Ewert, R.; Gläser, S.; Albrecht, D.; et al. Sex-Specific Associations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Population. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 630. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100630

AMA Style

Schmalhofer M-L, Markus MRP, Gras JC, Kopp J, Janowitz D, Grabe H-J, Groß S, Ewert R, Gläser S, Albrecht D, et al. Sex-Specific Associations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Population. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(10):630. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100630

Chicago/Turabian Style

Schmalhofer, Marie-Lena, Marcello R.P. Markus, Jan C. Gras, Juliane Kopp, Deborah Janowitz, Hans-Jörgen Grabe, Stefan Groß, Ralf Ewert, Sven Gläser, Diana Albrecht, and et al. 2019. "Sex-Specific Associations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Population" Biomolecules 9, no. 10: 630. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100630

APA Style

Schmalhofer, M.-L., Markus, M. R. P., Gras, J. C., Kopp, J., Janowitz, D., Grabe, H.-J., Groß, S., Ewert, R., Gläser, S., Albrecht, D., Eiffler, I., Völzke, H., Friedrich, N., Nauck, M., Steveling, A., Könemann, S., Wenzel, K., Felix, S. B., Dörr, M., & Bahls, M. (2019). Sex-Specific Associations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Population. Biomolecules, 9(10), 630. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100630

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