Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives and Their Insecticidal Activity against Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)

Tok, Fatih; Yang, Xiangbing; Tabanca, Nurhayat; Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu, Bedia

doi:10.3390/biom13020361

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives and Their Insecticidal Activity against Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)

by

Fatih Tok

¹

,

Xiangbing Yang

²

,

Nurhayat Tabanca

²

and

Bedia Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu

^1,*

¹

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey

²

Subtropical Horticulture Research Station (SHRS), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Biomolecules 2023, 13(2), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13020361

Submission received: 17 December 2022 / Revised: 17 January 2023 / Accepted: 2 February 2023 / Published: 14 February 2023

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Chemical Ecology)

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Abstract

In this study, thirteen phthalimide derivatives were designed and synthesized. All synthesized compounds were evaluated to determine their potential for inhibitory activities against females of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). These efforts led to the discovery of three compounds 4a, 4c, and 4d with potent insecticidal activity (LD₅₀ range from 0.70 to 1.91 μg/fly). Among these compounds, 4a exhibited the highest inhibitory potency with 0.70 μg/fly. In addition, in silico models indicated that compound 4a is less toxic than phthalimide and other precursors. Therefore, our results suggest that 4a has strong potential as a candidate component for developing a novel environmentally friendly insecticide for control of pest fruit flies.

Keywords: Anastrepha suspensa; Caribbean fruit fly; Caribfly; Tephritidae; fruit fly; toxicity; phthalimide

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tok, F.; Yang, X.; Tabanca, N.; Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu, B. Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives and Their Insecticidal Activity against Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Biomolecules 2023, 13, 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13020361

AMA Style

Tok F, Yang X, Tabanca N, Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu B. Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives and Their Insecticidal Activity against Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Biomolecules. 2023; 13(2):361. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13020361

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tok, Fatih, Xiangbing Yang, Nurhayat Tabanca, and Bedia Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu. 2023. "Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives and Their Insecticidal Activity against Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)" Biomolecules 13, no. 2: 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13020361

APA Style

Tok, F., Yang, X., Tabanca, N., & Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu, B. (2023). Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives and Their Insecticidal Activity against Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Biomolecules, 13(2), 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13020361

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Synthesis of Phthalimide Derivatives and Their Insecticidal Activity against Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)

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