Development of Glypican-3 Targeting Immunotoxins for the Treatment of Liver Cancer: An Update
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Optimizing Antibody Targeting of GPC3
3. Reducing the Immunogenicity of the Toxin Domain
4. Increasing the Serum Half-Life of Immunotoxins
5. Perspective and Future Direction
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ABD | albumin-binding domain |
ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
ALB1 | llama VhH albumin-binding domain |
CAR-T | chimeric antigen receptor T cell |
CD | cluster of differentiation |
CDR | complementarity-determine regions |
CT | computed tomography |
EF2 | elongation factor 2 |
EM | electron microscopy |
FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
GPC3 | glypican-3 |
GPI | glycosylphosphatidylinositol |
HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
kDa | kilodalton |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
PBMCs | peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
PE | Pseudomonas exotoxin |
PEG | polyethylene glycol |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
VEGFR | vascular endothelial growth factor receptor |
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NCT Number | Drug Name | Target | Toxin Source | Phase | Cancer Type/Disease | Status | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
01829711 | Moxetumomab pasudotox | CD22 | PE | III | HCL | Comp | Kreitman et al. 2018 [51] |
00074048 | BL22 | CD22 | PE | II | Leukemia | Comp | Kreitman et al. 2009 [83] |
00001805 | LMB-1 + rituximab | Lewis Y | PE | II | [a] | Comp | Hassan et al. 2004 [84] |
00924170 | LMB-2 + chemotherapy | CD25 (anti-Tac) | PE | I/II | ATL | Active | Kreitman et al. 2015 [85] |
02810418 | LMB-100 +nab-Paclitaxel | Mesothelin | PE | I/II | Pancreatic | Active | Alewine et al. 2019 [73] |
00006268 | Cintredekin besudotox | IL-13 receptor | PE | I/II | Brain, CNS | Comp | Kunwar et al. 2007 [86] |
02219893 | MOC31PE | EpCAM | PE | I/II | Colorectal | Comp | Frøysnes et al. 2017 [87] |
01445392 | SS1(dsFv)-PE38 + chemo | Mesothelin | PE | I/II | Mesothelioma | Comp | Hassan et al. 2014 [88] |
00104091 | TP38 | EGFR | PE | II | Glioblastoma | Comp | Sampson et al. 2008 [89] |
00611208 | A-dmDT390-bisFv(UCHT1) | CD3 | DT | II | Leukemia, Lymphoma | Comp | Frankel et al. 2015 [90] |
00211185 | Denileukin Diftitox | CD25 (anti-Tac) | DT | II | Lymphoma | Comp | Foss et al. 2013 [75] |
00889408 | DT2219ARL | CD19/CD22 | DT | I/II | Lymphoma, Leukemia | Comp | Bachanova et al. 2015 [91] |
02027805 | T-Guard | CD3/CD7 | Ricin | I/II | GVHD | Comp | Groth et al. 2019 [92] |
00038051 | Hum-195/rGel | CD33 | Gelonin | I | [b] | Comp | Borthakur et al. 2012 [80] |
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Fleming, B.D.; Ho, M. Development of Glypican-3 Targeting Immunotoxins for the Treatment of Liver Cancer: An Update. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 934. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10060934
Fleming BD, Ho M. Development of Glypican-3 Targeting Immunotoxins for the Treatment of Liver Cancer: An Update. Biomolecules. 2020; 10(6):934. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10060934
Chicago/Turabian StyleFleming, Bryan D., and Mitchell Ho. 2020. "Development of Glypican-3 Targeting Immunotoxins for the Treatment of Liver Cancer: An Update" Biomolecules 10, no. 6: 934. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10060934