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10.3390/biom10040571
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Article

Kynurenic Acid Levels are Increased in the CSF of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

by
Marta González-Sánchez
1,2,
Javier Jiménez
3,
Arantzazu Narváez
3,
Desiree Antequera
1,2,
Sara Llamas-Velasco
1,2,
Alejandro Herrero-San Martín
1,2,
Jose Antonio Molina Arjona
1,2,
Adolfo López de Munain
2,4,
Alberto Lleó Bisa
2,5,
M.-Pilar Marco
6,7,
Montserrat Rodríguez-Núñez
6,7,
David Andrés Pérez-Martínez
1,2,
Alberto Villarejo-Galende
1,2,
Fernando Bartolome
1,2,*,
Elena Domínguez
3,* and
Eva Carro
1,2,*
1
Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
2
Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
3
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
4
Neurosciences Research Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
5
Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
6
Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D) Group, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
7
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2020, 10(4), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040571
Submission received: 2 March 2020 / Revised: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 April 2020 / Published: 8 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Medicine)
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Abstract

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a product of the tryptophan (TRP) metabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP). This pathway is activated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer´s disease (AD). KYNA is primarily produced by astrocytes and is considered neuroprotective. Thus, altered KYNA levels may suggest an inflammatory response. Very recently, significant increases in KYNA levels were reported in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients compared with normal controls. In this study, we assessed the accuracy of KYNA in CSF for the classification of patients with AD, cognitively healthy controls, and patients with a variety of other neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Averaged KYNA concentration in CSF was higher in patients with AD when compared with healthy subjects and with all the other differentially diagnosed groups. There were no significant differences in KYNA levels in CSF between any other neurodegenerative groups and controls. These results suggest a specific increase in KYNA concentration in CSF from AD patients not seen in other neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords: Alzheimer´s disease; kynurenine pathway; cerebrospinal fluid; biomarkers; amyloid-β; tau protein Alzheimer´s disease; kynurenine pathway; cerebrospinal fluid; biomarkers; amyloid-β; tau protein

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MDPI and ACS Style

González-Sánchez, M.; Jiménez, J.; Narváez, A.; Antequera, D.; Llamas-Velasco, S.; Martín, A.H.-S.; Molina Arjona, J.A.; López de Munain, A.; Lleó Bisa, A.; Marco, M.-P.; et al. Kynurenic Acid Levels are Increased in the CSF of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040571

AMA Style

González-Sánchez M, Jiménez J, Narváez A, Antequera D, Llamas-Velasco S, Martín AH-S, Molina Arjona JA, López de Munain A, Lleó Bisa A, Marco M-P, et al. Kynurenic Acid Levels are Increased in the CSF of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. Biomolecules. 2020; 10(4):571. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040571

Chicago/Turabian Style

González-Sánchez, Marta, Javier Jiménez, Arantzazu Narváez, Desiree Antequera, Sara Llamas-Velasco, Alejandro Herrero-San Martín, Jose Antonio Molina Arjona, Adolfo López de Munain, Alberto Lleó Bisa, M.-Pilar Marco, and et al. 2020. "Kynurenic Acid Levels are Increased in the CSF of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients" Biomolecules 10, no. 4: 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040571

APA Style

González-Sánchez, M., Jiménez, J., Narváez, A., Antequera, D., Llamas-Velasco, S., Martín, A. H.-S., Molina Arjona, J. A., López de Munain, A., Lleó Bisa, A., Marco, M.-P., Rodríguez-Núñez, M., Pérez-Martínez, D. A., Villarejo-Galende, A., Bartolome, F., Domínguez, E., & Carro, E. (2020). Kynurenic Acid Levels are Increased in the CSF of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. Biomolecules, 10(4), 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040571

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