Impact of Loop Quantum Gravity on the Topological Classification of Quantum-Corrected Black Holes

Gashti, Saeed Noori; Sakallı, İzzet; Farahani, Hoda; Rudra, Prabir; Pourhassan, Behnam

doi:10.3390/universe11080247

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Impact of Loop Quantum Gravity on the Topological Classification of Quantum-Corrected Black Holes

by

Saeed Noori Gashti

¹

,

İzzet Sakallı

^2,*

,

Hoda Farahani

¹,

Prabir Rudra

³ and

Behnam Pourhassan

^1,4

¹

School of Physics, Damghan University, Damghan P. O. Box 3671641167, Iran

²

Physics Department, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Famagusta 99628, Turkey

³

Department of Mathematics, Asutosh College, Kolkata 700 026, India

⁴

Center for Theoretical Physics, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street, Baku AZ1096, Azerbaijan

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Universe 2025, 11(8), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11080247

Submission received: 21 May 2025 / Revised: 23 July 2025 / Accepted: 25 July 2025 / Published: 27 July 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Loop Quantum Gravity and Non-Perturbative Approaches to Quantum Cosmology, Second Edition)

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Abstract

We investigated the thermodynamic topology of quantum-corrected AdS-Reissner-Nordström black holes in Kiselev spacetime using non-extensive entropy formulation derived from Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). Through systematic analysis, we examined how the Tsallis parameter

λ

influences topological charge classification with respect to various equation of state parameters. Our findings revealed a consistent pattern of topological transitions: for

λ = 0.1

, the system exhibited a single topological charge

(ω = - 1)

with total charge

W = - 1

, as

λ

increased to 0.8, the system transitioned to a configuration with two topological charges

(ω = + 1, - 1)

and total charge

W = 0

. When

λ = 1

, corresponding to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy limit, the system displayed a single topological charge

(ω = + 1)

with

W = + 1

, signifying thermodynamic stability. The persistence of this pattern across different fluid compositions—from exotic negative pressure environments to radiation—demonstrates the universal nature of quantum gravitational effects on black hole topology.

Keywords: loop quantum gravity; black hole thermodynamics; topological classification; quantum corrections

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gashti, S.N.; Sakallı, İ.; Farahani, H.; Rudra, P.; Pourhassan, B. Impact of Loop Quantum Gravity on the Topological Classification of Quantum-Corrected Black Holes. Universe 2025, 11, 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11080247

AMA Style

Gashti SN, Sakallı İ, Farahani H, Rudra P, Pourhassan B. Impact of Loop Quantum Gravity on the Topological Classification of Quantum-Corrected Black Holes. Universe. 2025; 11(8):247. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11080247

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gashti, Saeed Noori, İzzet Sakallı, Hoda Farahani, Prabir Rudra, and Behnam Pourhassan. 2025. "Impact of Loop Quantum Gravity on the Topological Classification of Quantum-Corrected Black Holes" Universe 11, no. 8: 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11080247

APA Style

Gashti, S. N., Sakallı, İ., Farahani, H., Rudra, P., & Pourhassan, B. (2025). Impact of Loop Quantum Gravity on the Topological Classification of Quantum-Corrected Black Holes. Universe, 11(8), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11080247

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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