In-Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: A Powerful and Complimentary Tool for Understanding Environmental Toxicity
1
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to the manuscript.
Metabolites 2018, 8(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo8020035
Received: 26 April 2018
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Revised: 19 May 2018
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Accepted: 21 May 2018
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Published: 24 May 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomics in Toxicology)
Part review, part perspective, this article examines the applications and potential of in-vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for understanding environmental toxicity. In-vivo NMR can be applied in high field NMR spectrometers using either magic angle spinning based approaches, or flow systems. Solution-state NMR in combination with a flow system provides a low stress approach to monitor dissolved metabolites, while magic angle spinning NMR allows the detection of all components (solutions, gels and solids), albeit with additional stress caused by the rapid sample spinning. With in-vivo NMR it is possible to use the same organisms for control and exposure studies (controls are the same organisms prior to exposure inside the NMR). As such individual variability can be reduced while continual data collection over time provides the temporal resolution required to discern complex interconnected response pathways. When multidimensional NMR is combined with isotopic labelling, a wide range of metabolites can be identified in-vivo providing a unique window into the living metabolome that is highly complementary to more traditional metabolomics studies employing extracts, tissues, or biofluids.
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Keywords:
metabolomics; environmental toxicology; in-vivo; NMR
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MDPI and ACS Style
Bastawrous, M.; Jenne, A.; Tabatabaei Anaraki, M.; Simpson, A.J. In-Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: A Powerful and Complimentary Tool for Understanding Environmental Toxicity. Metabolites 2018, 8, 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo8020035
AMA Style
Bastawrous M, Jenne A, Tabatabaei Anaraki M, Simpson AJ. In-Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: A Powerful and Complimentary Tool for Understanding Environmental Toxicity. Metabolites. 2018; 8(2):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo8020035
Chicago/Turabian StyleBastawrous, Monica, Amy Jenne, Maryam Tabatabaei Anaraki, and André J. Simpson. 2018. "In-Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: A Powerful and Complimentary Tool for Understanding Environmental Toxicity" Metabolites 8, no. 2: 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo8020035
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