Influence of Vitamin D Status and Supplementation on Metabolomic Profiles of Older Adults
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Study Design
2.2. Dietary and Lifestyle Assessment
2.3. Blood Sample Collection and Analysis
2.4. Serum Vitamin D Measurement
2.5. Biomarkers of Metabolic Health
2.6. Metabolomics Analysis
2.7. Participant Flow and Data Collection
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Baseline Vitamin D and Metabolomic Profiles
3.3. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolomic Profiles
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vitamin D-Insufficient (<50 nmol/L) | Vitamin D-Sufficient (≥50 nmol/L) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D | Placebo Control | Vitamin D | Placebo Control | |||||||
n = 14 | n = 5 | n = 43 | n = 12 | |||||||
Mean | SE | Mean | SE | p-Value | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | p-Value | |
Age (years) | 58.0 | 1.7 | 57.6 | 2.9 | 0.88 | 61.9 | 1.3 | 61.3 | 2.3 | 0.81 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 | 0.7 | 27.6 | 1.2 | 0.36 | 28.3 | 0.5 | 27.5 | 0.8 | 0.38 |
BL 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 33.8 | 2.5 | 38.9 | 4.3 | 0.33 | 71.4 | 0.3 | 70.4 | 4.0 | 0.83 |
Post 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 60.1 | 2.9 | 37.3 | 5.0 | 0.001 | 75.0 | 2.0 | 66.8 | 3.5 | 0.05 |
BL TC (mmol/L) | 4.9 | 0.2 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 0.06 | 5.1 | 0.2 | 5.6 | 0.3 | 0.15 |
Post TC (mmol/L) | 5.0 | 0.2 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 0.06 | 5.1 | 0.2 | 5.7 | 0.3 | 0.11 |
BL HDL (mmol/L) | 1.6 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.14 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.13 |
Post HDL (mmol/L) | 1.6 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.22 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.37 |
BL LDL (mmol/L) | 2.7 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.30 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 0.3 | 0.62 |
Post LDL (mmol/L) | 2.7 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 0.34 |
BL TRIG (mmol/L) | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.78 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.35 |
Post TRIG (mmol/L) | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.88 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.36 |
BL GLUC (mmol/L) | 5.3 | 0.2 | 5.8 | 0.4 | 0.85 | 5.4 | 0.1 | 5.5 | 0.1 | 0.55 |
Post GLUC (mmol/L) | 5.3 | 0.2 | 5.7 | 0.4 | 0.46 | 5.2 | 0.2 | 6.3 | 0.4 | 0.027 |
BL CRP (mmol/L) | 2.3 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.37 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.60 |
Post CRP (mmol/L) | 2.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.44 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.75 |
Insufficient | Sufficient | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(<50 nmol/L) | (≥50 nmol/L) | ||||||||
n = 19 | n = 55 | GLM ANCOVA | Pearson’s Correlation | ||||||
Metabolite (µM) | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | p-Value | q-Value | r | p-Value | q-Value |
Amino acids | |||||||||
Threonine | 105.6 | 5.2 | 98.4 | 3.0 | 0.22 | 0.61 | −0.260 | 0.039 | 0.43 |
Leucine | 119.3 | 4.9 | 108.8 | 3.1 | 0.05 | 0.60 | −0.252 | 0.047 | 0.26 |
Isoleucine | 65.5 | 2.8 | 57.3 | 1.6 | 0.005 | 0.11 | −0.283 | 0.025 | 0.54 |
Methionine | 23.3 | 0.9 | 21.8 | 0.4 | 0.12 | 0.37 | −0.271 | 0.031 | 0.15 |
Biogenic Amines | |||||||||
Acetyl-ornithine | 0.767 | 0.077 | 1.048 | 0.127 | 0.12 | 0.81 | 0.359 | 0.004 | 0.027 |
Trans-hydroxy-proline | 8.53 | 0.62 | 7.30 | 0.45 | 0.07 | 1.00 | −0.386 | 0.002 | 0.025 |
Histidines | |||||||||
Methylhistidine | 8.64 | 1.14 | 12.08 | 1.05 | 0.044 | 0.24 | 0.034 | 0.79 | 0.91 |
Short chain fatty acids | |||||||||
Butyric acid | 1.074 | 0.061 | 0.852 | 0.042 | 0.003 | 0.033 | −0.293 | 0.020 | 0.15 |
Propionic acid | 0.978 | 0.049 | 0.841 | 0.029 | 0.018 | 0.13 | −0.266 | 0.035 | 0.19 |
Isobutyric acid | 1.321 | 0.070 | 1.062 | 0.040 | 0.002 | 0.044 | −0.370 | 0.003 | 0.06 |
Hippuric acid | 5.67 | 0.67 | 7.06 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 0.56 | 0.301 | 0.016 | 0.18 |
Glycerophospholipids | |||||||||
LYSOC16.0 | 46.1612 | 2.2421 | 53.0679 | 1.5080 | 0.023 | 0.05 | 0.334 | 0.007 | 0.08 |
LYSOC18.1 | 12.2015 | 0.7658 | 13.7980 | 0.4883 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.254 | 0.045 | 0.12 |
LYSOC18.0 | 13.3603 | 0.6416 | 15.1602 | 0.5183 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.300 | 0.017 | 0.08 |
LYSOC24.0 | 0.0764 | 0.0044 | 0.0850 | 0.0025 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.273 | 0.030 | 0.09 |
LYSOC26.1 | 0.0644 | 0.0041 | 0.0793 | 0.0028 | 0.008 | 0.030 | 0.334 | 0.007 | 0.06 |
LYSOC26.0 | 0.3970 | 0.0197 | 0.5063 | 0.0166 | 0.001 | 0.017 | 0.334 | 0.007 | 0.05 |
LYSOC28.1 | 0.2567 | 0.0116 | 0.3179 | 0.0134 | 0.022 | 0.05 | 0.231 | 0.07 | 0.15 |
LYSOC28.0 | 0.4684 | 0.0285 | 0.5402 | 0.0183 | 0.042 | 0.08 | 0.230 | 0.07 | 0.15 |
X14.1SMOH | 5.9577 | 0.1863 | 7.0782 | 0.2366 | 0.019 | 0.05 | 0.186 | 0.14 | 0.23 |
X16.0SM | 99.2598 | 2.9551 | 111.2394 | 2.5620 | 0.010 | 0.034 | 0.234 | 0.06 | 0.16 |
PC36.0AE | 1.2157 | 0.0385 | 1.5191 | 0.0448 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.337 | 0.007 | 0.24 |
PC36.6AA | 0.7877 | 0.0501 | 1.0911 | 0.0557 | 0.003 | 0.020 | 0.190 | 0.14 | 0.41 |
PC36.0AA | 6.0304 | 0.2371 | 7.2132 | 0.2011 | 0.002 | 0.017 | 0.279 | 0.027 | 0.07 |
X22.2SMOH | 12.7172 | 0.4626 | 14.5825 | 0.4303 | 0.024 | 0.05 | 0.172 | 0.18 | 0.28 |
PC38.6AA | 58.3369 | 4.1387 | 79.2220 | 3.5197 | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.295 | 0.019 | 0.07 |
PC38.0AA | 2.6341 | 0.1392 | 3.3977 | 0.1397 | 0.003 | 0.017 | 0.296 | 0.019 | 0.16 |
PC40.6AE | 3.5294 | 0.1794 | 4.5342 | 0.1984 | 0.006 | 0.026 | 0.274 | 0.030 | 0.09 |
X24.1SMOH | 2.5160 | 0.1159 | 2.8307 | 0.0783 | 0.039 | 0.08 | 0.198 | 0.12 | 0.21 |
PC40.6AA | 15.9087 | 1.0491 | 20.7540 | 0.9707 | 0.011 | 0.034 | 0.221 | 0.08 | 0.16 |
PC40.2AA | 0.3716 | 0.0168 | 0.4461 | 0.0182 | 0.018 | 0.05 | 0.315 | 0.012 | 0.07 |
PC40.1AA | 0.2617 | 0.0118 | 0.3296 | 0.0143 | 0.003 | 0.015 | 0.335 | 0.007 | 0.12 |
Acylcarnitines | |||||||||
C3OH | 0.0245 | 0.0013 | 0.0277 | 0.0007 | 0.028 | 0.16 | 0.134 | 0.29 | 0.84 |
C6 | 0.0732 | 0.0041 | 0.0887 | 0.0043 | 0.035 | 0.18 | 0.143 | 0.26 | 0.87 |
C5OH | 0.0323 | 0.0012 | 0.0355 | 0.0008 | 0.024 | 0.16 | 0.206 | 0.11 | 1.00 |
C5.1DC | 0.0137 | 0.0005 | 0.0153 | 0.0004 | 0.010 | 0.13 | 0.299 | 0.017 | 0.35 |
C9 | 0.0381 | 0.0047 | 0.0517 | 0.0036 | 0.005 | 0.20 | 0.317 | 0.011 | 0.46 |
C12 | 0.0918 | 0.0098 | 0.1204 | 0.0079 | 0.017 | 0.14 | 0.206 | 0.11 | 0.87 |
C14 | 0.0366 | 0.0031 | 0.0474 | 0.0026 | 0.011 | 0.11 | 0.192 | 0.13 | 1.00 |
C16 | 0.1045 | 0.0064 | 0.1243 | 0.0044 | 0.007 | 0.14 | 0.188 | 0.14 | 0.93 |
Low Consumers (<5 µg/day) | High Consumers (≥5 µg/day) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 35 | n = 40 | GLM ANCOVA | Pearson’s Correlation | ||||||
Metabolite (µM) | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | p-Value | q-Value | r | p-Value | q-Value |
Amino Acids | |||||||||
Alanine | 340 | 10 | 378 | 11 | 0.038 | 0.84 | 0.166 | 0.15 | 1.00 |
Betaine | 34.8 | 1.3 | 36.2 | 1.6 | 0.37 | 0.82 | 0.238 | 0.040 | 0.88 |
Biogenic Amines | |||||||||
Trans-hydroxy-proline | 7.64 | 0.60 | 7.29 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.76 | 0.248 | 0.032 | 0.45 |
Short chain fatty acids | |||||||||
Butyric acid | 1.026 | 0.061 | 0.796 | 0.036 | 0.001 | 0.022 | −0.181 | 0.12 | 0.44 |
Propionic acid | 0.945 | 0.037 | 0.807 | 0.031 | 0.001 | 0.011 | −0.192 | 0.10 | 0.72 |
Isobutyric acid | 1.218 | 0.051 | 1.037 | 0.049 | 0.002 | 0.015 | −0.221 | 0.06 | 1.00 |
Organic acids | |||||||||
Methylmalonic acid | 0.2075 | 0.0245 | 0.1347 | 0.0095 | 0.007 | 0.039 | −0.195 | 0.09 | 1.00 |
Glycerophospholipids | |||||||||
LYSOC17.0 | 0.9392 | 0.0399 | 1.0656 | 0.0544 | 0.020 | 0.10 | 0.292 | 0.011 | 0.38 |
X14.1SMOH | 6.2794 | 0.2000 | 7.2237 | 0.2910 | 0.004 | 0.14 | 0.109 | 0.35 | 0.67 |
X16.1SMOH | 3.8978 | 0.1376 | 4.3241 | 0.1696 | 0.027 | 0.11 | 0.142 | 0.22 | 0.70 |
PC36.6AA | 0.9254 | 0.0641 | 1.1019 | 0.0626 | 0.010 | 0.07 | 0.227 | 0.05 | 0.42 |
X22.2SMOH | 13.4302 | 0.4098 | 14.8973 | 0.5612 | 0.006 | 0.10 | 0.169 | 0.15 | 0.62 |
PC38.6AA | 67.2424 | 3.7674 | 82.0791 | 4.5278 | 0.016 | 0.09 | 0.207 | 0.07 | 0.51 |
PC40.6AE | 3.9610 | 0.1998 | 4.6367 | 0.2450 | 0.009 | 0.08 | 0.254 | 0.028 | 0.48 |
PC40.6AA | 17.4317 | 0.9263 | 21.9442 | 1.2138 | 0.007 | 0.08 | 0.227 | 0.05 | 0.56 |
Acylcarnitines | |||||||||
C3 | 0.2505 | 0.0138 | 0.2859 | 0.0117 | 0.015 | 0.30 | 0.061 | 0.61 | 1.00 |
C4 | 0.1725 | 0.0100 | 0.2119 | 0.0148 | 0.016 | 0.21 | 0.050 | 0.67 | 1.00 |
C9 | 0.0412 | 0.0035 | 0.0534 | 0.0045 | 0.005 | 0.20 | 0.083 | 0.48 | 1.00 |
Insufficient (<50 nmol/L) | Sufficient (≥50 nmol/L) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 19 | n = 55 | |||||||||||||
Baseline | Post-Intervention | RM ANCOVA (q-Value) | Baseline | Post-Intervention | RM ANCOVA (q-Value) | |||||||||
Metabolite (µM) | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Time | Treatment | T * T | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | Time | Treatment | T * T |
Amino Acids | ||||||||||||||
Leucine | 119.3 | 4.9 | 122.3 | 5.9 | 0.33 | 0.83 | 1.00 | 108.8 | 3.1 | 117.5 | 3.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Betaine | 34 | 2 | 36.5 | 1.9 | 0.26 | 0.68 | 1.00 | 36.1 | 1.2 | 36.1 | 1.3 | 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.10 |
Taurine | 62.8 | 4.3 | 67.9 | 4.2 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 0.53 | 66.4 | 2.5 | 67.0 | 2.2 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.29 |
Biogenic Amines | ||||||||||||||
Serotonin | 1.021 | 0.106 | 1.237 | 0.166 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.76 | 0.894 | 0.063 | 0.986 | 0.072 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.24 |
Spermidine | 0.238 | 0.008 | 0.242 | 0.007 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.14 | 0.241 | 0.004 | 0.234 | 0.004 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.77 |
Organic Acids | ||||||||||||||
Choline | 9.36 | 0.44 | 9.16 | 0.37 | 0.24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 9.48 | 0.28 | 9.34 | 0.24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.80 |
SCFA | ||||||||||||||
Butyric acid | 1.074 | 0.061 | 0.934 | 0.053 | 0.27 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.852 | 0.042 | 0.96 | 0.052 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.94 |
Propionic acid | 0.978 | 0.049 | 0.97 | 0.057 | 0.22 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.841 | 0.029 | 1.032 | 0.036 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
Isobutryic acid | 1.321 | 0.07 | 1.074 | 0.063 | 0.31 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 1.062 | 0.04 | 1.111 | 0.041 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.74 |
Glycerophospholipids | ||||||||||||||
LYSOC18.1 | 12.2015 | 0.7658 | 13.6343 | 0.9711 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 13.798 | 0.4883 | 14.3698 | 0.5167 | 0.96 | 0.78 | 0.79 |
LYSOC20.3 | 0.878 | 0.0834 | 1.0139 | 0.1067 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.8636 | 0.0568 | 1.0213 | 0.0578 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.17 |
PC32.2AA | 5.8126 | 0.1846 | 5.8335 | 0.3155 | 1.00 | 0.71 | 0.98 | 6.2932 | 0.2394 | 6.0296 | 0.2074 | 1.00 | 0.73 | 0.85 |
Acylcarnitines | ||||||||||||||
C0 | 36.2855 | 1.4732 | 35.161 | 1.7376 | 1.00 | 0.66 | 0.97 | 36.2065 | 1.1691 | 35.8572 | 1.0347 | 1.00 | 0.32 | 0.49 |
C4OH | 0.0421 | 0.0033 | 0.037 | 0.0023 | 0.96 | 0.51 | 0.96 | 0.0462 | 0.0031 | 0.0393 | 0.0018 | 1.00 | 0.29 | 0.53 |
C9 | 0.0381 | 0.0047 | 0.0356 | 0.004 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.96 | 0.0517 | 0.0036 | 0.0503 | 0.0038 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.34 |
C7DC | 0.0651 | 0.0126 | 0.05 | 0.0123 | 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.53 | 0.0708 | 0.0076 | 0.0559 | 0.0074 | 1.00 | 0.31 | 0.79 |
C10 2 | 0.0615 | 0.0036 | 0.0441 | 0.0026 | 1.00 | 0.81 | 0.50 | 0.0593 | 0.0021 | 0.048 | 0.0019 | 1.00 | 0.73 | 0.78 |
C12.1 | 0.1112 | 0.0083 | 0.094 | 0.0071 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.97 | 0.1331 | 0.007 | 0.1097 | 0.0063 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 1.00 |
C12 | 0.0918 | 0.0098 | 0.0741 | 0.0063 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 1.00 | 0.1204 | 0.0079 | 0.0978 | 0.008 | 1.00 | 0.27 | 1.00 |
C14.2 | 0.0518 | 0.0051 | 0.0382 | 0.0032 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 1.00 | 0.0513 | 0.0033 | 0.0454 | 0.0033 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.78 |
C14.1 | 0.146 | 0.0131 | 0.1082 | 0.0092 | 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.97 | 0.1664 | 0.0102 | 0.1335 | 0.009 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.00 |
C14 | 0.0366 | 0.0031 | 0.0315 | 0.0025 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 1.00 | 0.0474 | 0.0026 | 0.0384 | 0.0024 | 1.00 | 0.28 | 0.72 |
C12DC | 0.0066 | 0.0003 | 0.0062 | 0.0002 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 1.00 | 0.007 | 0.0002 | 0.0062 | 0.0002 | 1.00 | 0.48 | 0.77 |
C14.1OH | 0.0198 | 0.0016 | 0.0174 | 0.0012 | 1.00 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 0.0214 | 0.0009 | 0.02 | 0.0009 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.74 |
C16.2 | 0.0129 | 0.0009 | 0.0118 | 0.0008 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.0135 | 0.0007 | 0.0127 | 0.0006 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.83 |
C16.1 | 0.0453 | 0.0028 | 0.0435 | 0.0026 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.96 | 0.0515 | 0.0022 | 0.0465 | 0.002 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.82 |
C16 | 0.1045 | 0.0064 | 0.101 | 0.0068 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.1243 | 0.0044 | 0.1108 | 0.0037 | 1.00 | 0.31 | 0.71 |
C16.2OH | 0.009 | 0.0004 | 0.0099 | 0.0004 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.0097 | 0.0003 | 0.0098 | 0.0003 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.75 |
C16.1OH | 0.0141 | 0.0006 | 0.0137 | 0.0008 | 1.00 | 0.13 | 1.00 | 0.0146 | 0.0005 | 0.0144 | 0.0003 | 1.00 | 0.29 | 0.58 |
C16OH | 0.0082 | 0.0003 | 0.009 | 0.0004 | 1.00 | 0.19 | 0.81 | 0.0086 | 0.0003 | 0.0093 | 0.0003 | 1.00 | 0.29 | 0.76 |
C18.2 | 0.0592 | 0.0037 | 0.0547 | 0.0037 | 1.00 | 0.17 | 0.78 | 0.0552 | 0.0021 | 0.0521 | 0.0021 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.55 |
C18.1 | 0.1532 | 0.0085 | 0.1424 | 0.0096 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 1.00 | 0.1619 | 0.0062 | 0.143 | 0.0057 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.82 |
C18 | 0.0431 | 0.0029 | 0.0385 | 0.0024 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.96 | 0.0504 | 0.0022 | 0.0419 | 0.0014 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.70 |
C18.1OH | 0.0114 | 0.0005 | 0.0128 | 0.0004 | 1.00 | 0.07 | 1.00 | 0.0117 | 0.0004 | 0.0128 | 0.0004 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 0.24 |
Metabolite | r | p-Value | q-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Baseline 25(OH)D and post-intervention metabolite concentrations | |||
Glycerophospholipids | |||
LYSOC26.0 | −0.274 | 0.018 | 0.61 |
Post-intervention 25(OH)D and metabolite concentrations post-intervention | |||
Amino acids | |||
Glycine | 0.291 | 0.021 | 0.12 |
Taurine | 0.294 | 0.019 | 0.14 |
Glutamic acid | −0.410 | 0.001 | 0.019 |
Citrulline | 0.337 | 0.007 | 0.08 |
Biogenic Amines | |||
Putrescine | 0.325 | 0.009 | 0.13 |
Methionine sulfoxide | 0.344 | 0.006 | 0.040 |
Acetyl-ornithine | 0.314 | 0.012 | 0.06 |
Organic acids | |||
HPHPA | 0.266 | 0.035 | 0.39 |
Succinic acid | 0.352 | 0.005 | 0.10 |
Methylmalonic acid | 0.251 | 0.047 | 0.26 |
Homovanillic acid | 0.265 | 0.036 | 0.26 |
Carbohydrates | |||
Glucose | −0.263 | 0.037 | 1.00 |
Glycerophospholipids | |||
PC36.0AA | 0.333 | 0.008 | 0.26 |
PC38.0AA | 0.303 | 0.016 | 0.18 |
PC40.2AA | 0.270 | 0.032 | 0.27 |
PC40.1AA | 0.323 | 0.010 | 0.17 |
Acylcarnitines | |||
C3.1 | −0.264 | 0.036 | 1.00 |
C12 | 0.249 | 0.049 | 0.98 |
Baseline 25(OH)D and change in metabolite concentrations | |||
Glycerophospholipids | |||
LYSOC16.1 | −0.239 | 0.040 | 0.28 |
LYSOC16.0 | −0.332 | 0.004 | 0.13 |
LYSOC17.0 | −0.251 | 0.031 | 0.26 |
LYSOC18.0 | −0.268 | 0.021 | 0.24 |
LYSOC26.0 | −0.298 | 0.010 | 0.17 |
Acylcarnitines | |||
C5.1DC | 0.243 | 0.037 | 0.019 |
Change in 25(OH)D and change in metabolite concentrations | |||
Amino Acids | |||
Tryptophan | 0.230 | 0.048 | 1.00 |
Glycerophospholipids | |||
LYSOC16.1 | 0.269 | 0.020 | 0.14 |
LYSOC16.0 | 0.338 | 0.003 | 0.06 |
LYSOC17.0 | 0.249 | 0.032 | 0.16 |
LYSOC18.0 | 0.309 | 0.007 | 0.08 |
LYSOC20.3 | 0.264 | 0.023 | 0.13 |
LYSOC26.0 | 0.356 | 0.002 | 0.06 |
PC40.6AA | 0.271 | 0.020 | 0.17 |
Acylcarnitines | |||
C3OH | 0.275 | 0.018 | 0.70 |
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McCourt, A.F.; O’Sullivan, A.M. Influence of Vitamin D Status and Supplementation on Metabolomic Profiles of Older Adults. Metabolites 2023, 13, 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020166
McCourt AF, O’Sullivan AM. Influence of Vitamin D Status and Supplementation on Metabolomic Profiles of Older Adults. Metabolites. 2023; 13(2):166. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020166
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcCourt, Aislinn F., and Aifric M. O’Sullivan. 2023. "Influence of Vitamin D Status and Supplementation on Metabolomic Profiles of Older Adults" Metabolites 13, no. 2: 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020166
APA StyleMcCourt, A. F., & O’Sullivan, A. M. (2023). Influence of Vitamin D Status and Supplementation on Metabolomic Profiles of Older Adults. Metabolites, 13(2), 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020166