Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) Genotypes for Horse Gram Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Screening for HgYMV Resistance
2.2. Grouping of Horse Gram Genotypes
2.3. Confirmation of HgYMV Infection
2.4. Metabolome Analysis
Preparation of Sample and Extraction of Metabolites
2.5. GC/MS Analysis
2.6. PCA and HCA Analysis
3. Results
3.1. HgYMV Infection and Symptom Development
3.2. Confirmation of HgYMV Infection
3.3. Genotype Categorization and Confirmation of HgYMV
3.4. GC–MS Chromatography
3.5. PCA and HCA
4. Discussion
4.1. HgYMV Screening, Categorization of Genotypes, and Confirmative Studies
4.2. GC/MS Analysis, PCA, and HCA
4.3. The Biological Significance of Biomolecules Accumulated in the HR Genotype PLS6002
4.3.1. Unique Biomolecules
4.3.2. Other Significant Biomolecules: Sugars, Alkanes and Carboxylic Acids
4.4. The Biological Significance of Accumulation of Biomolecules in the HS Genotype PLS6194
Ketones, Glycosides, and Alcohols
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grade | Disease Symptom | Category |
---|---|---|
0 | No plants showing symptoms. | Immune |
1 | No visible symptoms or minute yellow specks on leaves. | Free |
2 | Small yellow spots with restricted spread covering 0.1% to 5% leaf area. | Highly resistant (HR) |
3 | Mottling of leaves covering 6% to 10% leaf area. | Resistant (R) |
4 | Yellow of mottling leaves covering 11% to 15% leaf area. | Moderately resistant (MR) |
5 | Yellow of mottling leaves covering 15% to 20% leaf area. | Moderately susceptible (MS) |
6 | Yellow coloration of 21%–30% leaves and yellow pods. | Susceptible (S) |
7 | Pronounced yellow mottling and discoloration of leaves and pods, reduction in leaf size, and stunting of the plant covering 30% to 50% of the foliage. | |
8 | Severe yellow discoloration of entirety of leaves covering above 50% to 75% of foliage, stunting of plants, and reduction in pod formation. | Highly susceptible (HS) |
9 | Severe yellowing of leaves covering above foliage, stunting of plants, and no pod formation. |
S. No. | Genotype | Kharif 2018 | Rabi 2018 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PDI | Grade | Range of PYL * | PDI | Grade | Range of PYL | ||
Highly resistant (HR) | |||||||
1 | PLS 6002 | 1.2 | 2 | -- | 1.2 | 2 | 1.2–2.0 |
Moderately resistant (MR) | |||||||
1 | PLS6039 | 12.5 | 4 | -- | 12.5 | 4 | 7.60–9.40 |
2 | PLS6008 | 12.5 | 4 | -- | 12.5 | 4 | 8.30–10.2 |
3 | PLS6013 | 12.5 | 4 | -- | 12.5 | 4 | 10.2–11.6 |
Moderately susceptible (MS) | |||||||
1 | PLS 6004 | 20.0 | 5 | -- | 20.5 | 5 | 23.1–32.5 |
2 | PLS 6183 | 19.0 | 5 | -- | 19.5 | 5 | 32.3–35.6 |
3 | PLS 6006 | 19.0 | 5 | -- | 19.0 | 5 | 34.2–38.9 |
Susceptible (S) | |||||||
1 | 2448984 | 49.0 | 7 | -- | 49.5 | 7 | 42.1–46.5 |
2 | PLS 6081 | 43.0 | 7 | -- | 44.0 | 7 | 49.8–46.7 |
3 | PLS 6046 | 42.0 | 7 | -- | 43.0 | 7 | 53.5–61.8 |
Highly susceptible (HS) | |||||||
1 | PLS 6194 | 72.0 | 9 | -- | 73.0 | 9 | 75.0–89.4 |
Susceptible check (SC) | |||||||
1 | HG 22: SC | 49.0 | 7 | -- | 49.0 | 7 | 46.9–62.7 |
Moderately resistant checks (MRC) | |||||||
1 | CRIDA 1-18R | 12.50 | 4 | -- | 12.50 | 4 | 12.8–12.4 |
2 | PAIYUR 2 | 12.25 | 4 | -- | 12.25 | 4 | 10.1–10.9 |
S. No | Class | Peak Area (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SC | HS | RC | HR | ||
1 | Alcohol | 0.142 | 1.156 | 0.286 | 0.661 |
2 | Aldehyde | 0.002 | 0.175 | 0.004 | 1.993 |
3 | Alkane | 0.212 | 8.035 | 3.145 | 15.30 |
4 | Alkene | - | 0.164 | - | 0.667 |
5 | Amide | - | 0.144 | - | - |
6 | Amine | - | - | - | 0.161 |
7 | Amino acids | - | - | - | 0.151 |
8 | Aromatic oxazole | - | - | - | 0.163 |
9 | Azide | - | - | - | 0.146 |
10 | Benzene | 0.113 | 0.354 | 0.143 | 0.561 |
11 | Carboxylic acid | 0.684 | 2.421 | 0.268 | 3.658 |
12 | Cyclic azines | - | 0.119 | - | - |
13 | Cyclic carboxylic ester | - | 0.766 | - | - |
14 | Ester | - | 0.204 | - | - |
15 | Ether | - | 0.119 | - | - |
16 | Glucosinolate | - | - | - | 0.412 |
17 | Glycoside | 4.289 | 17.914 | - | 6.277 |
18 | Hetero cyclic dioxin | - | 0.209 | - | - |
19 | Heterocyclic organo oxygen | - | - | - | 0.406 |
20 | Isoquinoline | - | - | - | 0.203 |
21 | Ketone | - | 2.381 | 0.152 | 1.991 |
22 | Lanostane skeleton | - | - | - | 0.158 |
23 | Sugars | 21.124 | 53.648 | 22.684 | 59.226 |
24 | Organo sulphur compound | - | 0.393 | - | 0.274 |
25 | Phosphonic acid | - | 0.248 | - | - |
26 | Triene | - | 0.304 | - | - |
S. No. | Class | Biomolecule | HS | HR | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SI Value | RSI Value | RT | % Area | SI Value | RSI Value | RT | % Area | |||
1 | Alcohol | 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol | 813 * | 899 * | 4.664 | 0.125 | 786 | 886 * | 4.664 | 0.227 |
2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol | 747 | 818 * | 10.106 | 0.151 | - | - | - | - | ||
Galactitol | 407 | 585 | 12.522 | 0.562 | - | - | - | - | ||
Phenol | 645 | 727 ** | - | - | - | - | ||||
9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol | - | - | - | - | 439 | 485 | 3.599 | 0.163 | ||
1,2-Ethanediol | - | - | - | - | 557 | 834 * | ||||
2 | Aldehyde | Nonanal | 801 * | 857 * | 5.814 | 0.171 | 806 * | 849 * | 5.810 | 0.169 |
2,2-Dimethyl-5-[2-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethoxy)-propyl]-[1,3]dioxolane-4-carboxaldehyde | - | - | - | - | 632 | 675 | 23.492 | 1.824 | ||
3 | Alkane | 4-Methyl(trimethylene)silyloxyoctane | 621 | 640 | 25.942 | 0.173 | - | - | - | - |
1-Methyl-1-(3-phenylprop-2-enyl)oxy-1-silacyclobutane | 431 | 539 | 12.692 | 0.299 | - | - | - | - | ||
3,7,11,14,18-Pentaoxa-2,19-disilaeicosane | 651 | 653 | 13.718 | 2.182 | 643 | 649 | 14.368 | 0.594 | ||
1-Methyl-1-n-octyloxy-1-silacyclobutane | 536 | 649 | 24.652 | 0.110 | 620 | 660 | 24.417 | 0.214 | ||
3,7,11,15,18-Pentaoxa-2,19-disilaeicosane | 641 | 667 | - | - | - | - | ||||
(2S,2′S)-2,2′-Bis[1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane] | 466 | 597 | 31.284 | 0.110 | - | - | - | - | ||
1-(Methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-3-hydroxybutane | - | - | - | - | 569 | 699 | 4.264 | 0.407 | ||
17α,21β-28,30-Bisnorhopane | - | - | - | - | 479 | 526 | 30.710 | 0.120 | ||
4 | Alkene | 3(E)-Hydroxyimino-1,2,2,5,6,7-hexamethylbicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene | 465 | 598 | 26.823 | 0.164 | - | - | - | - |
9-Octadecene | - | - | - | - | 464 | 493 | 3.694 | 0.134 | ||
3-Methoxyhex-1-ene | - | - | - | - | 560 | 761 ** | 4.469 | 0.136 | ||
H-Indene | - | - | - | - | 513 | 539 | 23.897 | 0.397 | ||
5 | Amide | Deoxyspergualin | 559 | 592 | 4.264 | 0.144 | - | - | - | - |
6 | Amine | 2-Oxazolamine | - | - | - | - | 517 | 542 | 5.529 | 0.161 |
7 | Amino acids | Glycine | - | - | - | - | 406 | 453 | 11.627 | 0.151 |
8 | Aromatic oxazole compound | Benzoxazole | - | - | - | - | 603 | 846 * | 4.584 | 0.163 |
9 | Azide | Pyridine-4-carbohydrazide | - | - | - | - | 690 | 712 ** | 6.540 | 0.146 |
10 | Benzene | Benzene | 678 | 821 * | 7.490 | 0.354 | 684 | 805 * | 7.480 | 0.561 |
9-Octadecenoic acid | 495 | 519 | 26.042 | 0.611 | - | - | - | - | ||
5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic acid | 449 | 466 | 13.933 | 0.148 | - | - | - | - | ||
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid | 599 | 827 * | 19.195 | 0.108 | - | - | - | - | ||
n-Hexadecanoic acid | 755 | 817 * | 21.191 | 0.272 | 857 * | 866 * | 21.186 | 1.342 | ||
9,12-Octadecadiynoic acid | 523 | 532 | 26.373 | 0.908 | - | - | - | - | ||
Butanoic acid | 614 | 794 ** | 30.714 | 0.258 | - | - | - | - | ||
Hexanoic acid | - | - | - | - | 578 | 747 ** | 3.829 | 0.263 | ||
6-Benzoylhexanoic acid | - | - | - | - | 544 | 647 | 5.274 | 0.169 | ||
11 | Carboxylic acid | cis-11-Eicosenoic acid | - | - | - | - | 487 | 548 | 9.486 | 0.142 |
Tetradecanoic acid | - | - | - | - | 723 ** | 776 ** | 17.144 | 0.205 | ||
Pentadecanoic acid | - | - | - | - | 625 | 688 | 19.195 | 0.175 | ||
Heptadecanoic acid | - | - | - | - | 686 | 736 ** | 23.072 | 0.120 | ||
Octadecanoic acid | - | - | - | - | 720 ** | 757 ** | 24.902 | 0.281 | ||
4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid | - | - | - | - | 519 | 560 | 26.828 | 0.539 | ||
Propanoic acid | - | - | - | - | 479 | 513 | 26.968 | 0.157 | ||
Hexadecanoic acid | - | - | - | - | 492 | 507 | 27.238 | 0.123 | ||
10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid | - | - | - | - | 552 | 573 | 29.214 | 0.142 | ||
12 | Cyclic azines | 4H-Pyrazole | 411 | 549 | 10.791 | 0.119 | - | - | - | - |
13 | Cyclic carboxylic ester | 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone | 622 | 749 ** | 14.423 | 0.766 | - | - | - | - |
14 | Ester | Methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3,6,9,12,15,18,21-heptaoxa-2-silatricosan-23-oate | 492 | 547 | 12.342 | 0.204 | - | - | - | - |
15 | Ether | Ether | 518 | 729 ** | 29.229 | 0.119 | - | - | - | - |
16 | Glucosinolate | Glucobrassicin | - | - | - | - | 490 | 498 | 24.472 | 0.412 |
17 | Glycoside | Galactopyranoside | 442 | 510 | 23.686 | 0.394 | - | - | - | - |
α-D-Glucopyranoside | 879 * | 882 * | 13.462 | 17.520 | - | - | - | - | ||
Methyl-α-D-thiogalactoside | - | - | - | - | 801 * | 875 * | 13.303 | 4.565 | ||
Methyl 3-O-acetyl-2,4,6-tri-O-ethyl-α-d-mannopyranoside | - | - | - | - | 628 | 665 | 13.698 | 0.904 | ||
Octyl-α-D-glucopyranoside | - | - | - | - | 464 | 539 | 23.707 | 0.579 | ||
α-D-Galactopyranoside | - | - | - | - | 552 | 572 | 24.652 | 0.229 | ||
18 | Hetero cyclic dioxin | 4H-1,3-Benzodioxin | 708 ** | 741 ** | 6.540 | 0.209 | - | - | - | - |
19 | Heterocyclic organo oxygen | 2-Vinylfuran | - | - | - | - | 777 ** | 852 * | 3.919 | 0.406 |
20 | Isoquinoline | Papaveroline | - | - | - | - | 578 | 672 | 31.085 | 0.203 |
4′-Chlorobutyrophenone | 554 | 641 | 5.269 | 0.168 | - | - | - | - | ||
4H-Pyran-4-one | 714 | 882 * | 6.395 | 0.201 | - | - | - | - | ||
6-Amino-1-α-d-ribofuranosylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one | 474 | 527 | 6.680 | 0.117 | - | - | - | - | ||
8,8-Dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yloxymethylene)-3a,4,6,7,8,8b-hexahydro-3H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2,5-dione | 485 | 516 | 7.535 | 0.421 | - | - | - | - | ||
5,6-Epoxy-6-methyl-2-heptanone | 529 | 662 | 10.001 | 0.164 | - | - | - | - | ||
21 | Ketone | Propan-1-one | ||||||||
2-Azetidinone | ||||||||||
4-Carbomethoxy-4-[2-(2-carbomethoxyvinyl)benzyl]-3-methoxy-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one | ||||||||||
Dihydroxyacetone | ||||||||||
2H-Pyran-2-one | ||||||||||
12-Oxatricyclo [4.4.3.0(1,6)] tridecane-3,11-dione | ||||||||||
Androstan-3-one | ||||||||||
22 | Lanostane skeleton | Cucurbitacin b | - | - | - | - | 413 | 476 | 16.614 | 0.158 |
23 | Sugars | α-D-Glucopyranose | 753 | 882 * | 26.282 | 0.832 | 653 | 680 | 26.523 | 2.834 |
Rhamnose | 695 | 759 ** | 3.824 | 0.197 | - | - | - | - | ||
D-Allose | 722 | 826 * | 11.527 | 0.619 | ||||||
3-O-Methyl-d-glucose | 753 ** | 768 ** | 15.863 | 44.605 | 742 ** | 765 ** | 15.994 | 38.406 | ||
1,6-Anhydro-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannopyranose | 639 | 679 | 23.491 | 0.920 | - | - | - | - | ||
Melezitose | 729 ** | 731 ** | 10.521 | 1.813 | 658 | 673 | 35.883 | 14.636 | ||
Maltose | 675 | 687 | 25.647 | 4.051 | - | - | - | - | ||
α-D-Galactopyranose | 532 | 562 | 24.487 | 0.269 | 619 | 661 | 24.417 | 0.214 | ||
24 | Organo sulphur compound | Diphenyl sulfone | 827 * | 862 * | 20.285 | 0.393 | 799 | 831 * | 20.270 | 0.274 |
25 | Phosphonic acid | Phosphonic acid | 789 | 830 * | 3.914 | 0.248 | - | - | - | - |
26 | Triene | 4-Hexyl-1-(7-methoxycarbonylheptyl)bicyclo[4.4.0]deca-2,5,7-triene | 452 | 496 | 26.618 | 0.304 | - | - | - | - |
S. No. | Class | Biomolecule | Chemical Formula | MW (g/mol) | HS | SC | HR | RC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alcohol | 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol | C8H18O | 130.23 | √ | √ | √ | √ |
2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol | C14H26O2 | 226.35 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
Galactitol | C6H14O6 | 182.17 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
Phenol | C6H6O | 94.11 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol | C27H44O3 | 416.60 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
1,2-Ethanediol | (C2H4O)nH2O | 62.07 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
2 | Aldehyde | Nonanal | C9H18O | 142.24 | √ | - | √ | - |
2,2-Dimethyl-5-[2-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethoxy)-propyl]-[1,3]dioxolane-4-carboxaldehyde | C15H30O5Si | 318.48 | √ | - | √ | - | ||
3 | Alkane | 4-Methyl(trimethylene)silyloxyoctane | C12H26OSi | 214.42 | √ | √ | - | - |
1-Methyl-1-(3-phenylprop-2-enyl)oxy-1-silacyclobutane | C13H18OSi | 218.36 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
3,7,11,14,18-Pentaoxa-2,19-disilaeicosane | C17H40O5Si2 | 380.70 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
1-Methyl-1-n-octyloxy-1-silacyclobutane | C12H26OSi | 214.41 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
3,7,11,15,18-Pentaoxa-2,19-disilaeicosane | C17H40O5Si2 | 380.7 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
(2S,2′S)-2,2′-Bis[1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane] | C20H38O10 | 438.00 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
1-(Methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-3-hydroxybutane | C7H16O3 | 148.20 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
17α,21β-28,30-Bisnorhopane | C29H50 | 398.71 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
4 | Alkene | 3(E)-Hydroxyimino-1,2,2,5,6,7-hexamethylbicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-ene | C13H21ON | 207.00 | √ | - | - | - |
9-Octadecene | C18H36 | 252.50 | - | - | √ | - | ||
3-Methoxyhex-1-ene | C7H14O | 114.19 | - | - | √ | - | ||
H-Indene | C9H8 | 116.16 | - | - | √ | - | ||
5 | Amide | Deoxyspergualin | C17H37N7O3 | 387.50 | √ | √ | - | |
6 | Amine | Z-Oxazolamine | C8H14N2O | 154.21 | - | - | √ | √ |
7 | Amino acids | Glycine | C2H5NO2 | 75.07 | - | - | √ | √ |
8 | Aromatic oxazole compound | Benzoxazole | C7H5NO | 119.12 | - | - | √ | √ |
9 | Azide | Pyridine-4-carbohydrazide | C12H14Cl3N6O2Ti | 428.50 | - | - | √ | √ |
10 | Benzene | Benzene | C6H6 | 78.11 | √ | √ | √ | √ |
11 | Carboxylic acid | 9-Octadecenoic acid | C18H34O2 | 282.50 | √ | √ | - | - |
5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic acid | C20H24O2 | 296.40 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid | C16H20O4 | 276.33 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
n-Hexadecanoic acid | C16H32O2 | 256.42 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
9,12-Octadecadiynoic acid | C18H28O2 | 276.40 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
Butanoic acid | C10H22O2Si | 202.37 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
Hexanoic acid | C6H12O2 | 1.08 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
6-Benzoylhexanoic acid | C13H16O3 | 220.26 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
cis-11-Eicosenoic acid | C20H38O2 | 310.50 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
Tetradecanoic acid | C14H28O2 | 229.36 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
Pentadecanoic acid | C15H30O2 | 242.40 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
Heptadecanoic acid | C17H34O2 | 270.50 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
Octadecanoic acid | C18H36O2 | 284.50 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid | C12H26OSi | 214.42 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
Propanoic acid | C3H6O2 | 74.08 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
Hexadecanoic acid | C16H32O2 | 256.42 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid | C23H38O2 | 346.50 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
12 | Cyclic azines | 4H-Pyrazole | C3H4N2 | 68.08 | √ | - | - | - |
13 | Cyclic carboxylic ester | 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone | C6H10O5 | 162.14 | √ | - | - | - |
14 | Ester | Methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3,6,9,12,15,18,21-heptaoxa-2-silatricosan-23-oate | C18H38O9Si | 426.60 | √ | - | - | - |
15 | Ether | Ether | C4H10O | 74.12 | √ | - | - | - |
16 | Glucosinolate | Glucobrassicin | C16H19N2O9S2- | 447.46 | - | - | - | √ |
17 | Glycoside | Galactopyranoside | C7H14O6 | 194.18 | √ | √ | - | - |
α-D-Glucopyranoside | C7H14O6 | 194.18 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
Methyl-α-D-thiogalactoside | C7H14O6 | 194.18 | - | - | √ | - | ||
Methyl 3-O-acetyl-2,4,6-tri-O-ethyl-α-d-mannopyranoside | C13H22O8 | 306.31 | - | - | √ | - | ||
Octyl-α-D-glucopyranoside | C14H28O6 | 292.37 | - | - | √ | - | ||
α-D-Galactopyranoside | C12H15NO8 | 301.25 | - | - | √ | - | ||
18 | Hetero cyclic dioxin | 4H-1,3-Benzodioxin | C8H8O2 | 136.15 | √ | √ | - | - |
19 | Heterocyclic organo oxygen | 2-Vinylfuran | C6H6O | 94.11 | - | - | √ | √ |
20 | Isoquinoline | Papaveroline | C16H14BrNO4 | 364.19 | √ | √ | ||
21 | Ketone | 4′-Chlorobutyrophenone | C10H11ClO | 182.64 | √ | - | - | - |
4H-Pyran-4-one | C5H4O2 | 96.08 | √ | - | - | - | ||
6-Amino-1-α-d-ribofuranosylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one | C19H14N2O2 | 302.3 | √ | - | - | - | ||
8,8-Dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yloxymethylene)-3a,4,6,7,8,8b-hexahydro-3H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2,5-dione | C39H40O12 | 700.73 | √ | - | - | - | ||
5,6-Epoxy-6-methyl-2-heptanone | C8H14O | 142.20 | √ | - | - | - | ||
Propan-1-one | C12H15NO2 | 205.25 | √ | - | - | - | ||
2-Azetidinone | C3H5NO | 71.08 | √ | - | - | - | ||
4-Carbomethoxy-4-[2-(2-carbomethoxyvinyl)benzyl]-3-methoxy-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one | C20H20O6 | 356.37 | √ | - | - | - | ||
Dihydroxyacetone | C3H6O3 | 90.08 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
2H-Pyran-2-one | C5H4O2 | 96.08 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
12-Oxatricyclo [4.4.3.0(1,6)] tridecane-3,11-dione | C12H16O3 | 208.25 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
Androstan-3-one | C19H30O | 274.40 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
22 | Lanostane skeleton | Cucurbitacin b | C64H90O16 | 1115.40 | - | - | √ | √ |
23 | Sugars | α-D-Glucopyranose | C6H12O | 180.16 | √ | √ | √ | √ |
Rhamnose | C6H12O5 | 164.07 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
D-Allose | C6H12O6 | 180.16 | - | - | √ | √ | ||
3-O-Methyl-d-glucose | C7H14O6 | 194.18 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
1,6-Anhydro-2,3-O-isopropylidene-á-D-mannopyranose | C9H14O5 | 202.20 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
Melezitose | C12H22O11 | 342.30 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
Maltose | C12H22O11 | 342.30 | √ | √ | - | - | ||
α-D-Galactopyranose | C26H42O11 | 530.60 | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||
24 | Organo sulphur compound | Diphenyl sulfone | C12H10O2S | 218.27 | √ | √ | √ | √ |
25 | Phosphonic acid | Phosphonic acid | H3PO3 | 80.98 | √ | √ | - | - |
26 | Triene | 4-Hexyl-1-(7-methoxycarbonylheptyl)bicyclo[4.4.0]deca-2,5,7-triene | C25H40O2 | 372.60 | √ | √ | - | - |
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Rajaprakasam, S.; Shanmugavel, P.; Chockalingam, V.; Jegadeesan, S.; Latha, T.K.S.; Ananthan, S.N.; Muthurajan, R.; Kanagarajan, S. Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) Genotypes for Horse Gram Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance. Metabolites 2023, 13, 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020165
Rajaprakasam S, Shanmugavel P, Chockalingam V, Jegadeesan S, Latha TKS, Ananthan SN, Muthurajan R, Kanagarajan S. Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) Genotypes for Horse Gram Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance. Metabolites. 2023; 13(2):165. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020165
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajaprakasam, Sudhagar, Priyanka Shanmugavel, Vanniarajan Chockalingam, Souframanien Jegadeesan, Tnpalayam Krishnaswamy Sukirtha Latha, Saravanan Naaganoor Ananthan, Raveendran Muthurajan, and Selvaraju Kanagarajan. 2023. "Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) Genotypes for Horse Gram Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance" Metabolites 13, no. 2: 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020165