Next Article in Journal
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Reveals Stage-Specific Metabolic Signatures of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Next Article in Special Issue
Body Composition and Cardiovascular Risk: A Study of Polish Military Flying Personnel
Previous Article in Journal
Akkermansia muciniphila Ameliorates Alcoholic Liver Disease in Experimental Mice by Regulating Serum Metabolism and Improving Gut Dysbiosis
Previous Article in Special Issue
Genistein Suppresses IL-6 and MMP-13 to Attenuate Osteoarthritis in Obese Diabetic Mice
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Metabolites
Volume 13
Issue 10
10.3390/metabo13101056
metabolites-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition

by
Kelsey Hu
1,
Elizabeth Deya Edelen
1,
Wenqing Zhuo
1,
Aliya Khan
1,
Josselyne Orbegoso
1,
Lindsey Greenfield
1,
Berna Rahi
2,
Michael Griffin
1,
Jasminka Z. Ilich
3 and
Owen J. Kelly
1,*
1
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
2
Department of Human Sciences, Sam Houston State University College of Health Sciences, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA
3
Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Metabolites 2023, 13(10), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101056
Submission received: 23 August 2023 / Revised: 26 September 2023 / Accepted: 4 October 2023 / Published: 7 October 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Disease)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Adiposity is central to aging and several chronic diseases. Adiposity encompasses not just the excess adipose tissue but also body fat redistribution, fat infiltration, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and the shifting of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue expansion, inflammatory adipokines, and adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are central to the development of osteopenic adiposity. Adipose tissue infiltration and local adipogenesis within the muscle are critical in developing sarcopenic adiposity and subsequent poorer functional outcomes. Ultimately, osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome is the result of all the processes noted above: fat infiltration and adipocyte expansion and redistribution within the bone, muscle, and adipose tissues, resulting in bone loss, muscle mass/strength loss, deteriorated adipose tissue, and subsequent functional decline. Increased fat tissue, typically referred to as obesity and expressed by body mass index (the latter often used inadequately), is now occurring in younger age groups, suggesting people will live longer with the negative effects of adiposity. This review discusses the role of adiposity in the deterioration of bone and muscle, as well as adipose tissue itself. It reveals how considering and including adiposity in the definition and diagnosis of osteopenic adiposity, sarcopenic adiposity, and osteosarcopenic adiposity will help in better understanding the pathophysiology of each and accelerate possible therapies and prevention approaches for both relatively healthy individuals or those with chronic disease.
Keywords: osteoporosis; sarcopenia; obesity; adiposity; fat infiltration; osteopenic adiposity; sarcopenic adiposity; osteosarcopenic adiposity; osteosarcopenic obesity osteoporosis; sarcopenia; obesity; adiposity; fat infiltration; osteopenic adiposity; sarcopenic adiposity; osteosarcopenic adiposity; osteosarcopenic obesity

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Hu, K.; Deya Edelen, E.; Zhuo, W.; Khan, A.; Orbegoso, J.; Greenfield, L.; Rahi, B.; Griffin, M.; Ilich, J.Z.; Kelly, O.J. Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites 2023, 13, 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101056

AMA Style

Hu K, Deya Edelen E, Zhuo W, Khan A, Orbegoso J, Greenfield L, Rahi B, Griffin M, Ilich JZ, Kelly OJ. Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites. 2023; 13(10):1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101056

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu, Kelsey, Elizabeth Deya Edelen, Wenqing Zhuo, Aliya Khan, Josselyne Orbegoso, Lindsey Greenfield, Berna Rahi, Michael Griffin, Jasminka Z. Ilich, and Owen J. Kelly. 2023. "Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition" Metabolites 13, no. 10: 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101056

APA Style

Hu, K., Deya Edelen, E., Zhuo, W., Khan, A., Orbegoso, J., Greenfield, L., Rahi, B., Griffin, M., Ilich, J. Z., & Kelly, O. J. (2023). Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites, 13(10), 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101056

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop