Comparison of the Pig Breeds in the Small Intestinal Morphology and Digestive Functions at Different Ages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals, Experimental Design, and Management
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Determination of Plasma Biochemical Parameters
2.4. Determination of Plasma-Free Amino Acids
2.5. Analysis of Intestinal Morphology
2.6. Analysis of Small Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity
2.7. Analysis of Nutrient Transporter Gene Expression
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Differences in Body Weight and Intestinal Indexes of Piglets
3.2. Differences in Plasma Biochemical Parameters of Piglets
3.3. Differences in Plasma-Free Amino Acids of Piglets
3.4. Differences in Intestinal Morphology of Piglets
3.5. Differences in Digestive Enzyme Activities of Piglets in Small Intestinal Mucosa
3.6. Differences in Intestinal Nutrient Transporter Gene Expressions of Piglets
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | TB Piglets | XB Piglets | DR Piglets | SEM | p-Values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 days old | |||||
Body weight (kg) | 1.50 | 1.39 | 1.82 | 0.08 | 0.075 |
Jejunum (g/kg) | 19.12 | 18.79 | 17.49 | 0.94 | 0.769 |
Ileum (g/kg) | 19.41 | 17.04 | 18.04 | 1.16 | 0.715 |
Jejunum length index (cm/kg) | 129.27 | 116.86 | 109.60 | 5.81 | 0.391 |
Ileum length index (cm/kg) | 137.86 a | 89.61 b | 109.84 ab | 6.47 | 0.006 |
10 days old | |||||
Body weight (kg) | 2.65 b | 2.63 b | 3.86 a | 0.16 | <0.001 |
Jejunum (g/kg) | 15.32 ab | 17.81 a | 14.64 b | 0.50 | 0.020 |
Ileum (g/kg) | 17.75 ab | 20.42 a | 16.82 b | 0.55 | 0.016 |
Jejunum length index (cm/kg) | 88.54 | 94.28 | 75.18 | 3.69 | 0.092 |
Ileum length index (cm/kg) | 86.68 ab | 91.29 a | 70.82 b | 3.21 | 0.018 |
21 days old | |||||
Body weight (kg) | 5.06 a | 3.42 b | 6.01 a | 0.26 | <0.001 |
Jejunum (g/kg) | 17.67 | 18.96 | 14.66 | 1.13 | 0.305 |
Ileum (g/kg) | 20.07 | 20.09 | 16.75 | 0.86 | 0.192 |
Jejunum length index (cm/kg) | 70.66 a | 86.33 a | 51.80 b | 3.81 | <0.001 |
Ileum length index (cm/kg) | 69.35 b | 91.42 a | 51.66 b | 4.52 | <0.001 |
24 days old | |||||
Body weight (kg) | 4.37 b | 3.22 c | 5.74 a | 0.24 | <0.001 |
Jejunum (g/kg) | 15.03 | 17.91 | 15.51 | 0.79 | 0.290 |
Ileum (g/kg) | 15.25 | 19.55 | 17.80 | 0.74 | 0.055 |
Jejunum length index (cm/kg) | 68.95 b | 91.68 a | 55.48 b | 4.08 | <0.001 |
Ileum length index (cm/kg) | 68.95 b | 91.68 a | 55.50 b | 4.08 | <0.001 |
Item | TB Piglets | XB Piglets | DR Piglets | SEM | p-Values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 days old | |||||
ALB (g/L) | 13.91 b | 15.73 b | 25.30 a | 1.28 | <0.001 |
ALP (U/L) | 1850.60 | 1820.60 | 2518.60 | 230.87 | 0.391 |
ALT (U/L) | 29.77 | 42.07 | 38.53 | 2.40 | 0.088 |
AMS (U/L) | 2129.00 | 1797.20 | 1985.60 | 99.39 | 0.407 |
AST (g/L) | 124.70 a | 156.40 a | 61.75 b | 10.16 | <0.001 |
CHE (mmol/L) | 362.80 | 356.60 | 445.20 | 17.91 | 0.074 |
CHO (mmol/L) | 1.57 b | 1.76 b | 4.11 a | 0.25 | <0.001 |
GLU (mmol/L) | 4.15 b | 4.77 b | 6.53 a | 0.28 | <0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.57 b | 0.63 b | 1.34 a | 0.08 | <0.001 |
LDH (U/L) | 441.40 b | 650.40 a | 700.20 a | 36.81 | 0.005 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.87 b | 1.03 b | 2.44 a | 0.17 | <0.001 |
NH3 (μmol/L) | 372.15 b | 478.83 a | 395.45 b | 15.39 | 0.006 |
TG (mmol/L) | 0.49 b | 0.35 b | 0.74 a | 0.04 | <0.001 |
TP (g/L) | 63.99 ab | 74.77 a | 62.38 b | 2.15 | 0.032 |
UN (U/L) | 5.20 a | 5.97 a | 2.84 b | 0.40 | 0.001 |
10 days old | |||||
ALB (g/L) | 36.09 | 37.76 | 39.92 | 0.76 | 0.118 |
ALP (U/L) | 926.80 | 1403.20 | 1279.20 | 90.80 | 0.080 |
ALT (U/L) | 26.57 | 30.12 | 31.89 | 0.98 | 0.073 |
AMS (U/L) | 2091.60 | 2296.00 | 2645.20 | 135.66 | 0.249 |
AST (g/L) | 56.30 | 61.40 | 60.70 | 2.51 | 0.683 |
CHE (mmol/L) | 577.00 ab | 477.60 b | 653.80 a | 21.94 | 0.002 |
CHO (mmol/L) | 4.53 ab | 6.30 a | 4.48 b | 0.33 | 0.029 |
GLU (mmol/L) | 6.26 | 6.09 | 6.39 | 0.17 | 0.792 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.35 | 1.60 | 1.53 | 0.05 | 0.146 |
LDH (U/L) | 686.80 | 756.60 | 804.00 | 28.35 | 0.243 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.32 ab | 4.78 a | 2.97 b | 0.29 | 0.023 |
NH3 (μmol/L) | 375.55 | 428.68 | 402.72 | 16.87 | 0.453 |
TG (mmol/L) | 0.30 b | 0.48 ab | 0.53 a | 0.04 | 0.018 |
TP (g/L) | 62.52 ab | 64.02 a | 56.57 b | 1.23 | 0.027 |
UN (U/L) | 3.16 ab | 4.60 a | 2.62 b | 0.30 | 0.014 |
21 days old | |||||
ALB (g/L) | 48.36 | 46.87 | 45.87 | 1.14 | 0.682 |
ALP (U/L) | 657.20 | 573.60 | 572.80 | 45.29 | 0.697 |
ALT (U/L) | 27.33 b | 32.17 ab | 39.91 a | 2.01 | 0.030 |
AMS (U/L) | 2738.20 | 1969.40 | 2178.00 | 167.20 | 0.153 |
AST (g/L) | 64.50 | 87.10 | 61.50 | 5.11 | 0.078 |
CHE (mmol/L) | 625.20 | 539.20 | 671.40 | 28.46 | 0.158 |
CHO (mmol/L) | 5.07 | 3.66 | 3.40 | 0.35 | 0.112 |
GLU (mmol/L) | 6.40 | 6.69 | 6.28 | 0.16 | 0.570 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.56 a | 1.33 ab | 1.17 b | 0.06 | 0.020 |
LDH (U/L) | 832.80 | 816.20 | 881.60 | 49.87 | 0.865 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.60 | 2.13 | 2.02 | 0.36 | 0.132 |
NH3 (μmol/L) | 377.42 a | 258.04 b | 213.67 b | 19.21 | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 0.48 | 0.60 | 0.53 | 0.03 | 0.379 |
TP (g/L) | 61.20 | 61.64 | 60.02 | 0.97 | 0.792 |
UN (U/L) | 4.56 ab | 5.23 a | 3.18 b | 0.30 | 0.011 |
24 days old | |||||
ALB (g/L) | 46.67 | 45.33 | 43.24 | 0.94 | 0.335 |
ALP (U/L) | 420.00 | 366.60 | 361.20 | 22.97 | 0.529 |
ALT (U/L) | 25.21 | 34.63 | 27.32 | 1.98 | 0.123 |
AMS (U/L) | 2107.00 | 2236.40 | 1760.80 | 105.74 | 0.167 |
AST (g/L) | 47.10 ab | 63.70 a | 38.40 b | 3.80 | 0.016 |
CHE (mmol/L) | 633.40 | 612.60 | 636.00 | 26.51 | 0.930 |
CHO (mmol/L) | 5.69 a | 4.58 ab | 2.79 b | 0.45 | 0.025 |
GLU (mmol/L) | 5.09 | 5.70 | 5.96 | 0.18 | 0.115 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.22 a | 1.38 a | 0.88 b | 0.06 | 0.002 |
LDH (U/L) | 630.80 | 724.20 | 599.80 | 31.43 | 0.250 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.26 a | 3.00 a | 1.36 b | 0.29 | 0.012 |
NH3 (μmol/L) | 179.99 | 163.45 | 135.34 | 11.06 | 0.055 |
TG (mmol/L) | 0.81 | 0.67 | 0.48 | 0.07 | 0.148 |
TP (g/L) | 58.97 | 62.19 | 60.70 | 1.26 | 0.597 |
UN (U/L) | 3.87 | 4.28 | 2.75 | 0.41 | 0.303 |
Item | TB Piglets | XB Piglets | DR Piglets | SEM | p-Values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 days old | |||||
3-MH | 1.62 | 1.59 | 1.00 | 0.17 | 0.316 |
Ala | 50.08 | 53.21 | 45.66 | 1.89 | 0.268 |
Arg | 37.55 | 14.80 | 9.30 | 6.19 | 0.143 |
Asp | 2.33 b | 6.06 a | 1.81 b | 0.42 | <0.001 |
Car | 2.47 | 2.80 | 0.50 | 0.27 | 0.108 |
Cit | 21.04 a | 18.76 ab | 15.28 b | 0.93 | 0.033 |
Cys | 8.34 | 6.62 | 5.94 | 0.56 | 0.198 |
ETA | 0.49 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.05 | 0.479 |
Glu | 71.30 a | 24.48 c | 48.82 b | 4.76 | <0.001 |
Gly | 42.63 b | 34.74 b | 68.73 a | 3.63 | <0.001 |
His | 18.72 a | 12.02 b | 10.83 b | 1.04 | 0.002 |
HYP | 11.14 | 7.57 | 13.34 | 1.10 | 0.095 |
Ile | 10.90 ab | 7.69 b | 13.74 a | 0.84 | 0.008 |
Leu | 28.49 a | 19.28 b | 13.89 b | 1.70 | <0.001 |
Lys | 38.16 a | 23.41 b | 18.00 b | 2.31 | <0.001 |
Met | 11.09 | 6.17 | 9.38 | 1.01 | 0.122 |
Orn | 16.38 | 14.90 | 11.63 | 0.92 | 0.095 |
Phe | 24.51 a | 22.45 a | 15.56 b | 1.13 | 0.001 |
Pro | 70.40 a | 51.79 ab | 41.17 b | 4.00 | 0.006 |
P-Ser | 4.62 a | 5.54 a | 2.64 b | 0.33 | 0.001 |
Sar | 1.33 | 0.64 | 0.45 | 0.16 | 0.055 |
Ser | 24.03 | 21.59 | 19.09 | 0.91 | 0.083 |
Tau | 11.08 | 12.75 | 10.39 | 0.83 | 0.507 |
Thr | 15.19 b | 10.42 b | 26.08 a | 1.82 | <0.001 |
Tyr | 50.57 a | 42.62 ab | 30.80 b | 3.32 | 0.045 |
Val | 65.37 a | 45.54 b | 28.96 c | 3.73 | <0.001 |
α-AAA | 8.95 a | 9.34 a | 1.13 b | 1.10 | <0.001 |
α-ABA | 1.45 a | 0.79 b | 1.24 ab | 0.11 | 0.047 |
β-Ala | 1.26 | 1.47 | 1.79 | 0.11 | 0.167 |
10 days old | |||||
3-MH | 1.59 b | 2.13 a | 1.28 b | 0.11 | 0.004 |
Ala | 45.89 | 36.67 | 36.49 | 2.39 | 0.202 |
Arg | 23.69 a | 21.02 a | 11.44 b | 1.53 | 0.001 |
Asp | 2.48 | 2.20 | 1.53 | 0.18 | 0.110 |
Car | 2.98 | 2.83 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.170 |
Cit | 22.67 | 24.04 | 17.80 | 1.13 | 0.053 |
Cys | 7.49 | 8.90 | 8.74 | 0.27 | 0.054 |
Cysthi | 1.00 | 1.29 | 1.15 | 0.08 | 0.350 |
ETA | 0.98 | 1.13 | 0.83 | 0.06 | 0.165 |
Glu | 50.77 a | 13.97 b | 52.72 a | 3.96 | <0.001 |
Gly | 70.58 | 59.90 | 69.58 | 3.07 | 0.302 |
His | 9.22 ab | 9.99 a | 6.26 b | 0.61 | 0.025 |
HYP | 26.99 a | 23.45 ab | 20.82 b | 1.03 | 0.044 |
Ile | 16.29 | 20.19 | 18.10 | 0.77 | 0.113 |
Leu | 15.99 | 21.90 | 16.29 | 1.27 | 0.095 |
Lys | 32.34 a | 24.55 a | 13.17 b | 2.14 | <0.001 |
Met | 10.43 | 10.34 | 9.40 | 0.53 | 0.695 |
Orn | 16.26 ab | 21.09 a | 13.27 b | 1.10 | 0.009 |
Phe | 16.49 | 16.52 | 13.93 | 0.61 | 0.137 |
Pro | 50.35 a | 39.45 ab | 27.70 b | 3.06 | 0.004 |
P-Ser | 3.88 b | 4.95 a | 1.98 c | 0.29 | <0.001 |
Sar | 1.26 a | 0.89 ab | 0.33 b | 0.11 | 0.009 |
Ser | 23.04 a | 21.05 ab | 15.77 b | 1.23 | 0.039 |
Tau | 17.23 | 18.71 | 15.53 | 0.90 | 0.371 |
Thr | 30.63 | 32.04 | 22.94 | 1.81 | 0.083 |
Tyr | 24.01 | 27.67 | 24.12 | 1.27 | 0.424 |
Val | 31.30 a | 31.46 a | 21.86 b | 1.63 | 0.017 |
α-AAA | 3.14 a | 1.96 b | 1.14 b | 0.26 | 0.003 |
α-ABA | 1.84 b | 2.90 a | 3.15 a | 0.19 | 0.007 |
β-Ala | 1.17 | 1.00 | 1.33 | 0.08 | 0.281 |
21 days old | |||||
3-MH | 2.12 b | 2.85 a | 1.46 c | 0.15 | <0.001 |
Ala | 51.09 a | 29.20 b | 28.50 b | 2.99 | <0.001 |
Arg | 23.02 a | 16.56 b | 12.49 b | 1.23 | <0.001 |
Asp | 1.52 a | 1.24 a | 0.56 b | 0.11 | <0.001 |
Cit | 23.36 a | 16.54 b | 12.47 b | 1.33 | 0.003 |
Cys | 7.19 b | 6.44 b | 8.88 a | 0.33 | 0.005 |
Cysthi | 0.89 b | 1.69 a | 1.90 a | 0.14 | 0.002 |
ETA | 1.00 | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.09 | 0.442 |
Glu | 51.94 a | 11.99 b | 47.63 a | 4.09 | <0.001 |
Gly | 68.42 | 57.88 | 65.07 | 3.03 | 0.361 |
His | 13.79 a | 12.00 a | 7.72 b | 0.76 | 0.002 |
HYP | 26.28 a | 12.84 b | 13.12 b | 1.44 | <0.001 |
Ile | 16.18 | 16.16 | 16.49 | 0.78 | 0.983 |
Leu | 20.49 | 22.65 | 23.54 | 1.31 | 0.637 |
Lys | 36.47 a | 18.89 b | 19.79 b | 2.35 | <0.001 |
Met | 10.19 a | 6.39 b | 6.18 b | 0.59 | 0.004 |
Orn | 16.54 a | 9.00 b | 6.41 b | 1.10 | <0.001 |
Phe | 15.65 | 14.50 | 15.15 | 0.38 | 0.484 |
Pro | 47.37 a | 22.95 b | 19.60 b | 3.37 | <0.001 |
P-Ser | 3.85 b | 5.03 a | 1.03 c | 0.34 | <0.001 |
Sar | 1.88 | 0.83 | - | 0.57 | 0.428 |
Ser | 19.71 a | 16.02 ab | 12.76 b | 0.87 | 0.002 |
Tau | 13.57 a | 8.81 b | 8.05 b | 0.71 | 0.001 |
Thr | 26.18 a | 15.80 b | 16.72 b | 1.58 | 0.011 |
Tyr | 22.07 a | 13.72 b | 15.25 b | 1.16 | 0.004 |
Val | 29.03 | 31.38 | 29.61 | 1.43 | 0.811 |
α-AAA | 5.93 a | 2.09 b | 3.37 b | 0.45 | <0.001 |
α-ABA | 2.08 b | 4.91 a | 4.41 a | 0.38 | 0.002 |
β-Ala | 1.06 | 0.91 | 1.05 | 0.08 | 0.714 |
24 days old | |||||
3-MH | 2.52 | 3.59 | 3.17 | 0.23 | 0.134 |
Ala | 40.45 | 33.66 | 38.98 | 2.70 | 0.580 |
Arg | 19.34 ab | 24.25 a | 15.88 b | 1.12 | 0.005 |
Asp | 0.87 b | 0.79 b | 1.71 a | 0.13 | 0.003 |
Car | 2.77 a | 1.22 b | 3.08 a | 0.25 | <0.001 |
Cit | 14.61 b | 21.46 a | 12.40 b | 1.20 | 0.002 |
Cys | 7.00 | 7.98 | 9.36 | 0.45 | 0.104 |
Cysthi | 2.34 | 1.76 | 2.55 | 0.17 | 0.138 |
ETA | 1.19 a | 0.48 b | 0.65 b | 0.10 | 0.003 |
Glu | 60.66 a | 68.47 a | 32.8 b | 4.86 | 0.002 |
Gly | 71.98 | 87.63 | 81.93 | 4.92 | 0.448 |
His | 8.69 | 9.60 | 9.03 | 0.40 | 0.656 |
HYP | 15.67 a | 12.07 b | 7.28 c | 1.21 | 0.044 |
Ile | 22.06 | 23.87 | 20.97 | 1.41 | 0.711 |
Leu | 24.12 | 29.58 | 22.86 | 1.57 | 0.181 |
Lys | 27.73 | 29.17 | 34.77 | 1.68 | 0.201 |
Met | 6.27 | 5.99 | 7.62 | 0.30 | 0.050 |
Orn | 6.36 b | 10.06 a | 7.16 b | 0.53 | 0.006 |
Phe | 12.92 | 13.81 | 14.06 | 0.53 | 0.672 |
Pro | 22.46 | 19.35 | 21.15 | 0.81 | 0.279 |
P-Ser | 2.74 b | 4.97 a | 1.80 b | 0.34 | <0.001 |
Sar | 1.11 | 0.60 | - | 0.18 | 0.157 |
Ser | 14.08 | 17.68 | 15.97 | 0.85 | 0.234 |
Tau | 9.79 | 7.71 | 10.71 | 0.56 | 0.075 |
Thr | 20.40 | 24.09 | 26.31 | 1.36 | 0.223 |
Tyr | 11.91 | 12.87 | 12.34 | 0.68 | 0.854 |
Val | 39.03 | 31.10 | 30.60 | 2.16 | 0.230 |
α-AAA | 2.14 b | 2.10 b | 4.61 a | 0.35 | 0.002 |
α-ABA | 4.95 | 5.46 | 6.59 | 0.45 | 0.344 |
β-Ala | 0.87 | 1.05 | 1.23 | 0.07 | 0.115 |
Item | TB Piglets | XB Piglets | DR Piglets | SEM | p-Values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 days old | |||||
Villus height (μm) | 307.68 b | 345.73 a | 248.91 c | 16.51 | 0.048 |
Crypt depth (μm) | 158.36 | 162.97 | 179.21 | 5.29 | 0.254 |
VH/CD | 2.03 a | 2.23 a | 1.40 b | 0.12 | 0.010 |
10 days old | |||||
Villus height (μm) | 306.57 | 323.86 | 290.24 | 13.25 | 0.591 |
Crypt depth (μm) | 174.86 | 161.86 | 177.55 | 6.52 | 0.575 |
VH/CD | 1.82 | 2.14 | 1.76 | 0.09 | 0.160 |
21 days old | |||||
Villus height (μm) | 272.73 b | 256.68 b | 323.35 a | 9.71 | 0.013 |
Crypt depth (μm) | 168.07 b | 158.60 b | 206.53 a | 6.77 | 0.008 |
VH/CD | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.60 | 0.05 | 0.690 |
24 days old | |||||
Villus height (μm) | 280.35 | 264.99 | 294.11 | 8.60 | 0.386 |
Crypt depth (μm) | 177.38 | 167.30 | 196.26 | 6.00 | 0.133 |
VH/CD | 1.62 | 1.67 | 1.54 | 0.04 | 0.403 |
Item | TB Piglets | XB Piglets | DR Piglets | SEM | p-Values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 days old | |||||
Villus height (μm) | 451.18 ab | 602.76 a | 325.49 b | 39.76 | 0.010 |
Crypt depth (μm) | 133.19 | 142.60 | 124.18 | 7.68 | 0.685 |
VH/CD | 3.56 a | 4.08 a | 2.06 b | 0.26 | 0.004 |
10 days old | |||||
Villus height (μm) | 334.73 | 353.05 | 390.26 | 16.78 | 0.418 |
Crypt depth (μm) | 100.91 b | 118.44 ab | 141.54 a | 6.46 | 0.018 |
VH/CD | 3.29 | 2.88 | 3.49 | 0.15 | 0.223 |
21 days old | |||||
Villus height (μm) | 315.44 | 279.51 | 309.20 | 13.09 | 0.516 |
Crypt depth (μm) | 124.59 | 124.26 | 151.96 | 6.81 | 0.165 |
VH/CD | 2.61 | 2.13 | 2.13 | 0.10 | 0.057 |
24 days old | |||||
Villus height (μm) | 231.71 | 255.76 | 270.56 | 9.62 | 0.266 |
Crypt depth (μm) | 132.21 | 129.11 | 156.88 | 5.62 | 0.076 |
VH/CD | 1.83 | 2.03 | 1.79 | 0.07 | 0.356 |
Item | TB Piglets | XB Piglets | DR Piglets | SEM | p-Values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 days old | |||||
Amylase | 1.62 b | 1.19 b | 4.40 a | 0.48 | 0.004 |
Chymase | 3.97 | 4.54 | 4.28 | 0.31 | 0.772 |
Invertase | 13.50 ab | 8.99 b | 15.76 a | 1.13 | 0.029 |
Lactase | 8.80 a | 9.21 a | 5.48 b | 0.63 | 0.022 |
Lipase | 0.88 | 0.58 | 0.46 | 0.09 | 0.138 |
Maltase | 15.62 a | 15.98 a | 9.04 b | 1.08 | 0.007 |
Trypsin | 3.72 a | 2.46 b | 0.97 c | 0.33 | <0.001 |
10 days old | |||||
Amylase | 2.21 c | 12.27 a | 4.53 b | 1.15 | <0.001 |
Chymase | 6.69 b | 8.21 b | 11.89 a | 0.69 | 0.004 |
Invertase | 26.86 a | 18.11 b | 26.98 a | 1.64 | 0.028 |
Lactase | 11.96 | 14.09 | 14.91 | 0.80 | 0.333 |
Lipase | 6.65 a | 2.71 b | 2.17 b | 0.49 | <0.001 |
Maltase | 27.48 | 26.80 | 21.31 | 1.40 | 0.207 |
Trypsin | 11.13 a | 6.29 b | 1.64 c | 0.96 | <0.001 |
21 days old | |||||
Amylase | 5.22 b | 4.36 b | 12.72 a | 1.05 | <0.001 |
Chymase | 12.22 | 12.03 | 10.96 | 0.81 | 0.806 |
Invertase | 32.78 a | 21.98 b | 31.58 a | 1.73 | 0.010 |
Lactase | 21.42 a | 23.91 a | 13.92 b | 1.57 | 0.016 |
Lipase | 2.26 ab | 1.43 b | 2.68 a | 0.21 | 0.019 |
Maltase | 37.21 a | 35.54 a | 19.66 b | 2.58 | 0.003 |
Trypsin | 5.74 b | 31.30 a | 7.86 b | 2.83 | <0.001 |
24 days old | |||||
Amylase | 5.88 b | 5.47 b | 11.51 a | 0.88 | 0.002 |
Chymase | 11.65 | 13.83 | 11.38 | 0.66 | 0.256 |
Invertase | 32.09 ab | 40.40 a | 26.82 b | 2.21 | 0.037 |
Lactase | 19.63 ab | 24.22 a | 15.30 b | 1.39 | 0.025 |
Lipase | 2.04 | 2.85 | 2.43 | 0.18 | 0.193 |
Maltase | 33.85 a | 35.13 a | 19.86 b | 2.10 | 0.002 |
Trypsin | 6.11 b | 23.69 a | 9.97 b | 2.22 | <0.001 |
Item | TB Piglets | XB Piglets | DR Piglets | SEM | p-Values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 days old | |||||
Amylase | 3.96 b | 2.47 b | 11.05 a | 1.01 | <0.001 |
Chymase | 5.34 b | 7.56 b | 19.67 a | 1.65 | <0.001 |
Invertase | 12.91 b | 8.19 b | 28.25 a | 2.46 | <0.001 |
Lactase | 6.59 c | 15.17 b | 30.91 a | 2.36 | <0.001 |
Lipase | 1.29 b | 1.97 b | 5.10 a | 0.41 | <0.001 |
Maltase | 8.69 c | 20.24 b | 50.45 a | 4.11 | <0.001 |
Trypsin | 5.28 b | 4.50 b | 16.52 a | 1.41 | <0.001 |
10 days old | |||||
Amylase | 11.69 | 7.87 | 7.00 | 0.90 | 0.053 |
Chymase | 12.98 b | 22.15 a | 21.05 a | 1.47 | 0.009 |
Invertase | 42.52 | 36.38 | 29.26 | 2.40 | 0.082 |
Lactase | 14.53 b | 48.20 a | 54.23 a | 5.92 | 0.007 |
Lipase | 3.53 b | 6.33 a | 6.55 a | 0.53 | 0.018 |
Maltase | 19.59 b | 67.68 a | 76.44 a | 7.19 | <0.001 |
Trypsin | 14.77 | 16.41 | 10.98 | 1.12 | 0.145 |
21 days old | |||||
Amylase | 17.64 a | 1.88 c | 12.03 b | 1.67 | <0.001 |
Chymase | 21.26 a | 13.08 b | 24.69 a | 1.55 | 0.003 |
Invertase | 58.42 a | 23.26 b | 51.82 a | 5.41 | 0.012 |
Lactase | 22.00 b | 22.76 b | 65.61 a | 5.17 | <0.001 |
Lipase | 4.56 ab | 3.04 b | 6.32 a | 0.46 | 0.008 |
Maltase | 32.78 b | 37.45 b | 78.85 a | 5.07 | <0.001 |
Trypsin | 18.22 a | 4.61 b | 20.26 a | 1.91 | <0.001 |
24 days old | |||||
Amylase | 17.61 a | 6.52 b | 21.19 a | 1.45 | <0.001 |
Chymase | 16.37 b | 14.92 b | 26.89 a | 1.47 | <0.001 |
Invertase | 46.25 a | 34.69 b | 45.66 a | 1.97 | 0.018 |
Lactase | 20.46 b | 27.43 b | 51.79 a | 3.25 | <0.001 |
Lipase | 5.01 b | 2.47 c | 7.99 a | 0.56 | <0.001 |
Maltase | 27.28 c | 44.55 b | 77.03 a | 5.03 | <0.001 |
Trypsin | 21.15 a | 10.85 b | 23.92 a | 1.66 | <0.001 |
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Cheng, Y.; Ding, S.; Azad, M.A.K.; Song, B.; Kong, X. Comparison of the Pig Breeds in the Small Intestinal Morphology and Digestive Functions at Different Ages. Metabolites 2023, 13, 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010132
Cheng Y, Ding S, Azad MAK, Song B, Kong X. Comparison of the Pig Breeds in the Small Intestinal Morphology and Digestive Functions at Different Ages. Metabolites. 2023; 13(1):132. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010132
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Yating, Sujuan Ding, Md. Abul Kalam Azad, Bo Song, and Xiangfeng Kong. 2023. "Comparison of the Pig Breeds in the Small Intestinal Morphology and Digestive Functions at Different Ages" Metabolites 13, no. 1: 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010132
APA StyleCheng, Y., Ding, S., Azad, M. A. K., Song, B., & Kong, X. (2023). Comparison of the Pig Breeds in the Small Intestinal Morphology and Digestive Functions at Different Ages. Metabolites, 13(1), 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010132