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Metabolites
Volume 12
Issue 9
10.3390/metabo12090878
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Retraction published on 12 August 2025, see Metabolites 2025, 15(8), 544.
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Article

RETRACTED: In Vitro Induction of Apoptosis in Isolated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells: The Role of Anastatica hierochuntica Methanolic Extract

by
Islam M. El-Garawani
1,*,
Amira S. Abd El-Gaber
2,
Noura A. Algamdi
3,
Aamer Saeed
4,
Chao Zhao
5,
Omar M. Khattab
2,6,
Mohamed F. AlAjmi
7,
Zhiming Guo
8,
Shaden A. M. Khalifa
9 and
Hesham R. El-Seedi
2,6,10,11,*
1
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
3
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
5
College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
6
Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
7
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
8
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
9
Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
10
International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Nanjing 210024, China
11
International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
 
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Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Metabolites 2022, 12(9), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090878
Submission received: 25 August 2022 / Revised: 13 September 2022 / Accepted: 13 September 2022 / Published: 17 September 2022 / Retracted: 12 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Identification and Therapeutic Properties of Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants)
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Abstract

Anastatica hierochuntica L. (Cruciferae) has been known in Egyptian folk medicine as a remedy for gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes and heart diseases. Despite the wide usage, A. hierochuntica research provides insufficient data to support its traditional practice. The cytotoxicity of A. hierochuntica methanolic extract was investigated on acute myeloid leukemia blasts (AML) and normal human peripheral leucocytes (NHPL). The phytochemical identification of bioactive compounds using 1H-NMR and LC-ESI-MS was also performed. A. hierochuntica extract caused non-significant cytotoxicity on NHPL, while the cytotoxicity on AML was significant (IC50: 0.38 ± 0.02 μg/mL). The negative expression of p53, upregulation of Caspase-3 and increase in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio were reported at the protein and mRNA levels. The results suggest that A. hierochuntica extract induced AML cell death via the p53-independent mitochondrial intrinsic pathway and further attention should be paid to this plant as a promising natural anticancer agent.
Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia blasts; anticancer; 1H-NMR; LC-ESI-MS; Brassicaceae; molecular networking; metabolites acute myeloid leukemia blasts; anticancer; 1H-NMR; LC-ESI-MS; Brassicaceae; molecular networking; metabolites

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MDPI and ACS Style

El-Garawani, I.M.; Abd El-Gaber, A.S.; Algamdi, N.A.; Saeed, A.; Zhao, C.; Khattab, O.M.; AlAjmi, M.F.; Guo, Z.; Khalifa, S.A.M.; El-Seedi, H.R. RETRACTED: In Vitro Induction of Apoptosis in Isolated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells: The Role of Anastatica hierochuntica Methanolic Extract. Metabolites 2022, 12, 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090878

AMA Style

El-Garawani IM, Abd El-Gaber AS, Algamdi NA, Saeed A, Zhao C, Khattab OM, AlAjmi MF, Guo Z, Khalifa SAM, El-Seedi HR. RETRACTED: In Vitro Induction of Apoptosis in Isolated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells: The Role of Anastatica hierochuntica Methanolic Extract. Metabolites. 2022; 12(9):878. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090878

Chicago/Turabian Style

El-Garawani, Islam M., Amira S. Abd El-Gaber, Noura A. Algamdi, Aamer Saeed, Chao Zhao, Omar M. Khattab, Mohamed F. AlAjmi, Zhiming Guo, Shaden A. M. Khalifa, and Hesham R. El-Seedi. 2022. "RETRACTED: In Vitro Induction of Apoptosis in Isolated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells: The Role of Anastatica hierochuntica Methanolic Extract" Metabolites 12, no. 9: 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090878

APA Style

El-Garawani, I. M., Abd El-Gaber, A. S., Algamdi, N. A., Saeed, A., Zhao, C., Khattab, O. M., AlAjmi, M. F., Guo, Z., Khalifa, S. A. M., & El-Seedi, H. R. (2022). RETRACTED: In Vitro Induction of Apoptosis in Isolated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells: The Role of Anastatica hierochuntica Methanolic Extract. Metabolites, 12(9), 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090878

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