First Report on Comparative Essential Oil Profile of Stem and Leaves of Blepharispermum hirtum Oliver and Their Antidiabetic and Anticancer Effects

Shah, Muddaser; Al-Housni, Saif Khalfan; Khan, Faizullah; Ullah, Saeed; Al-Sabahi, Jamal Nasser; Khan, Ajmal; Al-Yahyaei, Balqees Essa Mohammed; Al-Ruqaishi, Houda; Rehman, Najeeb Ur; Al-Harrasi, Ahmed

doi:10.3390/metabo12100907

Open AccessArticle

First Report on Comparative Essential Oil Profile of Stem and Leaves of Blepharispermum hirtum Oliver and Their Antidiabetic and Anticancer Effects

by

Muddaser Shah

^1,2,†

,

Saif Khalfan Al-Housni

^1,†,

Faizullah Khan

^1,3,

Saeed Ullah

^1,4,

Jamal Nasser Al-Sabahi

⁵,

Ajmal Khan

¹,

Balqees Essa Mohammed Al-Yahyaei

¹,

Houda Al-Ruqaishi

⁵,

Najeeb Ur Rehman

^1,*

and

Ahmed Al-Harrasi

^1,*

¹

Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman

²

Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan

³

Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan

⁴

Hussian Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan

⁵

Central Instrument Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Metabolites 2022, 12(10), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100907

Submission received: 4 September 2022 / Revised: 22 September 2022 / Accepted: 23 September 2022 / Published: 26 September 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Plant Compounds for Diabetes and Its Complications)

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Abstract

The current research was designed to explore the Blepharispermum hirtum Oliver (Asteraceae) stem and leaves essential oil (EO) composition extracted through hydro-distillation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for the first time. The EOs of the stem and leaves of B. hirtum were comparatively studied for the in vitro antidiabetic and anticancer potential using in vitro α-glucosidase and an MTT inhibition assay, respectively. In both of the tested samples, the same number of fifty-eight compounds were identified and contributed 93.88% and 89.07% of the total oil composition in the EOs of the stem and leaves of B. hirtum correspondingly. However, camphene was observed as a major compound (23.63%) in the stem EO, followed by β-selinene (5.33%) and β-elemene (4.66%) and laevo-β-pinene (4.38%). While in the EO of the leaves, the dominant compound was found to be 24-norursa-3,12-diene (9.08%), followed by β-eudesmol (7.81%), β-selinene (7.26%), thunbergol (5.84%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.62%). Significant antidiabetic potential was observed with an IC₅₀ of 2.10 ± 0.57 µg/mL by the stem compared to the EO of the leaves of B. hirtum, having an IC₅₀ of 4.30 ± 1.56 µg/mL when equated with acarbose (IC₅₀ = 377.71 ± 1.34 µg/mL). Furthermore, the EOs offered considerable cytotoxic capabilities for MDA-MB-231. However, the EO of the leaves presented an IC₅₀ = 88.4 ± 0.5 μg/mL compared to the EO of the stem of B. hirtum against the triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines with an IC₅₀ = 123.6 ± 0.8 μg/mL. However, the EOs were also treated with the human breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cell line, and from the results, it has been concluded that these oils did not produce much harm to the normal cell lines. Hence, the present research proved that the EOs of B. hirtum might be used to cure diabetes mellitus and human breast cancer. Moreover, further studies are considered to be necessary to isolate the responsible bioactive constituents to devise drugs for the observed activities.

Keywords: Blepharispermum hirtum; Asteraceae; GS-MS analysis; essential oils; triple-negative breast cancer; α-glucosidase

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shah, M.; Al-Housni, S.K.; Khan, F.; Ullah, S.; Al-Sabahi, J.N.; Khan, A.; Al-Yahyaei, B.E.M.; Al-Ruqaishi, H.; Rehman, N.U.; Al-Harrasi, A. First Report on Comparative Essential Oil Profile of Stem and Leaves of Blepharispermum hirtum Oliver and Their Antidiabetic and Anticancer Effects. Metabolites 2022, 12, 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100907

AMA Style

Shah M, Al-Housni SK, Khan F, Ullah S, Al-Sabahi JN, Khan A, Al-Yahyaei BEM, Al-Ruqaishi H, Rehman NU, Al-Harrasi A. First Report on Comparative Essential Oil Profile of Stem and Leaves of Blepharispermum hirtum Oliver and Their Antidiabetic and Anticancer Effects. Metabolites. 2022; 12(10):907. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100907

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shah, Muddaser, Saif Khalfan Al-Housni, Faizullah Khan, Saeed Ullah, Jamal Nasser Al-Sabahi, Ajmal Khan, Balqees Essa Mohammed Al-Yahyaei, Houda Al-Ruqaishi, Najeeb Ur Rehman, and Ahmed Al-Harrasi. 2022. "First Report on Comparative Essential Oil Profile of Stem and Leaves of Blepharispermum hirtum Oliver and Their Antidiabetic and Anticancer Effects" Metabolites 12, no. 10: 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100907

APA Style

Shah, M., Al-Housni, S. K., Khan, F., Ullah, S., Al-Sabahi, J. N., Khan, A., Al-Yahyaei, B. E. M., Al-Ruqaishi, H., Rehman, N. U., & Al-Harrasi, A. (2022). First Report on Comparative Essential Oil Profile of Stem and Leaves of Blepharispermum hirtum Oliver and Their Antidiabetic and Anticancer Effects. Metabolites, 12(10), 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100907

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First Report on Comparative Essential Oil Profile of Stem and Leaves of Blepharispermum hirtum Oliver and Their Antidiabetic and Anticancer Effects

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