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Review

An Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Perspective for Addressing Challenges of the Human Gut Microbiome

1
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
2
Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
3
Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
4
Centre for Advanced Sensory Science, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
5
Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
6
Anagenix Ltd., Parnell, Auckland 1052, New Zealand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Metabolites 2020, 10(3), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030094
Submission received: 23 January 2020 / Revised: 18 February 2020 / Accepted: 27 February 2020 / Published: 6 March 2020

Abstract

Our understanding of the human gut microbiome has grown exponentially. Advances in genome sequencing technologies and metagenomics analysis have enabled researchers to study microbial communities and their potential function within the context of a range of human gut related diseases and disorders. However, up until recently, much of this research has focused on characterizing the gut microbiological community structure and understanding its potential through system wide (meta) genomic and transcriptomic-based studies. Thus far, the functional output of these microbiomes, in terms of protein and metabolite expression, and within the broader context of host-gut microbiome interactions, has been limited. Furthermore, these studies highlight our need to address the issues of individual variation, and of samples as proxies. Here we provide a perspective review of the recent literature that focuses on the challenges of exploring the human gut microbiome, with a strong focus on an integrated perspective applied to these themes. In doing so, we contextualize the experimental and technical challenges of undertaking such studies and provide a framework for capitalizing on the breadth of insight such approaches afford. An integrated perspective of the human gut microbiome and the linkages to human health will pave the way forward for delivering against the objectives of precision medicine, which is targeted to specific individuals and addresses the issues and mechanisms in situ.
Keywords: metabolomics; microbiome; omics integration metabolomics; microbiome; omics integration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shah, R.M.; McKenzie, E.J.; Rosin, M.T.; Jadhav, S.R.; Gondalia, S.V.; Rosendale, D.; Beale, D.J. An Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Perspective for Addressing Challenges of the Human Gut Microbiome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030094

AMA Style

Shah RM, McKenzie EJ, Rosin MT, Jadhav SR, Gondalia SV, Rosendale D, Beale DJ. An Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Perspective for Addressing Challenges of the Human Gut Microbiome. Metabolites. 2020; 10(3):94. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030094

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shah, Rohan M., Elizabeth J. McKenzie, Magda T. Rosin, Snehal R. Jadhav, Shakuntla V. Gondalia, Douglas Rosendale, and David J. Beale. 2020. "An Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Perspective for Addressing Challenges of the Human Gut Microbiome" Metabolites 10, no. 3: 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030094

APA Style

Shah, R. M., McKenzie, E. J., Rosin, M. T., Jadhav, S. R., Gondalia, S. V., Rosendale, D., & Beale, D. J. (2020). An Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Perspective for Addressing Challenges of the Human Gut Microbiome. Metabolites, 10(3), 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030094

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