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Article

Interaction Scenarios Considering Source–Grid–Load–Storage for Distribution Network with Multiple Subjects and Intelligent Transportation Systems

State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2025, 14(9), 1860; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091860
Submission received: 14 March 2025 / Revised: 21 April 2025 / Accepted: 24 April 2025 / Published: 2 May 2025

Abstract

With the spread of electric vehicles (EVs), the EV load will have a significant impact on the planning and operation of the grid and the operation of the electricity market. Due to the charging and discharging characteristics of EVs, as well as their randomness and dispersion, it is feasible and challenging to introduce EV loads into the grid as a means of frequency regulation and peak shaving of the power system. In this paper, considering multi-subject distribution networks and the interaction of source–grid–load–storage with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), a density peak clustering (DPC) algorithm based on principal component analysis is employed to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of EV loads and identify the access status of EV charging stations and EV load status in each region in real time, as well as analyze the adjustable capacity and adjustable range of EV loads. Based on the adjustable capacity of the EV load, the optimization objectives include the maximum regulation of the EV load and the most economical operation cost. An accurate load regulation strategy based on automatic active control (APC) is proposed to reduce the maximum frequency deviation by 25% by integrating the load regulation of electric vehicles into the original AGC frequency regulation. At the same time, the feasibility of electric vehicles in peaking and standby scenarios is studied and verified through simulation cases, which can reduce the peak value of thermal power generation by 15% and 10% in the morning and evening.
Keywords: source–grid–load–storage; interactions; multi-agent; APC; two-stage optimization source–grid–load–storage; interactions; multi-agent; APC; two-stage optimization

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yu, Q.; Yao, X.; Yuan, L.; Liu, D.; Li, X.; Li, L.; Guo, M. Interaction Scenarios Considering Source–Grid–Load–Storage for Distribution Network with Multiple Subjects and Intelligent Transportation Systems. Electronics 2025, 14, 1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091860

AMA Style

Yu Q, Yao X, Yuan L, Liu D, Li X, Li L, Guo M. Interaction Scenarios Considering Source–Grid–Load–Storage for Distribution Network with Multiple Subjects and Intelligent Transportation Systems. Electronics. 2025; 14(9):1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091860

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu, Qingguang, Xin Yao, Leidong Yuan, Ding Liu, Xiaoyu Li, Le Li, and Min Guo. 2025. "Interaction Scenarios Considering Source–Grid–Load–Storage for Distribution Network with Multiple Subjects and Intelligent Transportation Systems" Electronics 14, no. 9: 1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091860

APA Style

Yu, Q., Yao, X., Yuan, L., Liu, D., Li, X., Li, L., & Guo, M. (2025). Interaction Scenarios Considering Source–Grid–Load–Storage for Distribution Network with Multiple Subjects and Intelligent Transportation Systems. Electronics, 14(9), 1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14091860

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