Uncertainty of Aircraft Localization with Multilateration and Known Altitude

Manned and unmanned air traffic is experiencing rapid growth. The basis for the safety of flight operations is its reliable surveillance. In addition to primary and secondary radar, modern systems based on satellite positioning play a key role in air traffic control. An important addition to the above systems is multilateration (MLAT). The majority of existing MLAT algorithms operate under the assumption that only the time difference of arrival (TDOA) is available for consideration. However, in scenarios that are more reflective of reality, altitude measurements are also typically included. In this study, we not only extend an existing algorithm to accommodate these additional data points but also derive insights into how the accuracy of measurements is influenced by the incorporation of supplementary information. An important part of this contribution is the software, which, by solving nonlinear optimization problems, allows for the analysis of the distribution of MLAT stations while ensuring the smallest possible measurement uncertainties.