Energy-Aware Mode Selection for D2D Resource Allocation in 5G Networks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
2.1. D2D Communication Modes
2.2. Related Studies
3. Energy-Aware Mode Selection for D2D Resource Allocation
3.1. System Architecture and Problem Formulations
3.2. Energy-Aware Mode Selection for D2D Resource Allocation
3.2.1. Mode Selection
Algorithm 1 Mode selection |
1: Input: C, D, Cs, Ds 2: Output: NCa, NDcell, NDded, NDreuse 3: Initial NCa, NDcell, NDded, NDreuse are empty list 4: NC ← Compute the spectrum resources required by C cellular users 5: NDpair ← Compute the spectrum resources required by (D/2) D2D pairs 6: if NC > 0 and Cs > 0 and NC ≥ Cs then 7: NCa ← cellular users whose resource requirements can be satisfied 8: RCs ← 0 9: else 10: if NC > 0 and Cs > 0 and NC < Cs then 11: NCa ← cellular users whose resource requirements can be satisfied 12: RCs ← (Cs − NC) 13: end if 14: end if 15: /* Dedicated mode */ 16: if NDpair > 0 and Ds > 0 and NDpair ≥ Ds then 17: NDded ← Assign dedicated mode to D2D users whose resource requirements can be satisfied 18: RDpair ← (NDpair − Ds) 19: else 20: if NDpair > 0 and Ds > 0 and NDpair < Ds then 21: NDded ← Assign dedicated mode to D2D users whose resource requirements can be satisfied 22: RDpair ← 0 23: end if 24: end if 25: /* Cellular mode */ 26: if RDpair > 0 and RCs > 0 and RDpair ≥ RCs then 27: NDcell ← Assign cellular mode to D2D users whose resource requirements can be satisfied 28: RCs ← 0 29: else 30: if RDpair > 0 and RCs > 0 and RDpair < RCs then 31: NDcell ← Assign cellular mode to D2D users whose resource requirements can be satisfied 32: RCs ← (RCs − RDpair) 33: end if 34: end if 35: /* Reuse mode */ 36: if RDpair > 0 and Cs ≥ 0 then 37: NDreuse ← Assign reuse mode to D2D users whose resource requirements can be satisfied 38: else 39: NDreuse ← 0 40: end if 41: return NCa, NDcell, NDded, NDreuse |
3.2.2. Power Control
3.2.3. Spectrum Resource Allocation
Algorithm 2 Hungarian Algorithm |
1: Input: T [1, 2, 3..., N] [1, 2, 3..., S] 2: Output: FC [N] 3: if N < S then 4: T [N] [S] padding zero until N is equal to S 5: end if 6: Each column or row of matrix T subtracts the minimum 7: Ensure each column or row has at least one zero 8: Remove the row or column with zero 9: Ensure the number of removed rows and removed columns are the smallest 10: num ← number of removed rows and removed column 11: if num is not equal to N then 12: repeat line 6 to 9 13: else 14: FC [N] ← final selected resources 15: return FC [N] 16: end if |
Algorithm 3 Energy-aware mode selection for D2D resource allocation |
1: Input: T, Cs, Ds, C, D 2: Output: FC, FDC, FCC, FRC 3: NCa, NDcell, NDded, NDreuse = Modeselection(C, D, Cs, Ds) 4: Perform PowerControl 5: FC = HungarianAlgorithm(T [C] [NCa]) 6: FDC = HungarianAlgorithm(T [D] [ NDded]) 7: FCC = HungarianAlgorithm(T [D] [ NDcell]) 8: FRC = HungarianAlgorithm(T [D] [NDreuse]) 9: return FC, FDC, FCC, FRC |
4. Simulation and Performance Evaluation
4.1. Simulation Environment
4.2. Performance Evaluation
5. Conclusions and Future Work
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Cell Radius (R) | 1 km |
Transmit power of cellular users on tier 1 | 23 dBm |
Transmit power of cellular users on tier 2 | 30 dBm |
Transmit power of cellular users on tier 3 | 32 dBm |
Transmit power of D2D users in reuse and dedicated modes | 20 dBm |
Transmit power of D2D users in cellular mode on tier 1 | 18 dBm |
Transmit power of D2D users in cellular mode on tier 2 | 21 dBm |
Transmit power of D2D users in cellular mode on tier 3 | 23 dBm |
Distance from the transmitter to receiver in a D2D pair | 1–30 m |
Total spectrum | 200 Hz |
Available spectrum for cellular user | 100 Hz |
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Tsai, H.-C.; Kao, S.-J.; Huang, Y.-L.; Chang, F.-M. Energy-Aware Mode Selection for D2D Resource Allocation in 5G Networks. Electronics 2023, 12, 4054. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194054
Tsai H-C, Kao S-J, Huang Y-L, Chang F-M. Energy-Aware Mode Selection for D2D Resource Allocation in 5G Networks. Electronics. 2023; 12(19):4054. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194054
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai, Hung-Chin, Shang-Juh Kao, Ya-Ling Huang, and Fu-Min Chang. 2023. "Energy-Aware Mode Selection for D2D Resource Allocation in 5G Networks" Electronics 12, no. 19: 4054. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194054