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Volume 12
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Article

Gamma Ray Effects on Multi-Colored Commercial Light-Emitting Diodes at MGy Level

by
Luca Weninger
1,*,
Raphaël Clerc
1,
Matteo Ferrari
1,
Adriana Morana
1,
Timothé Allanche
1,
Roberto Pecorella
1,
Aziz Boukenter
1,
Youcef Ouerdane
1,
Emmanuel Marin
1,
Olivier Duhamel
2,
Marc Gaillardin
3,
Philippe Paillet
2 and
Sylvain Girard
1,*
1
Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR-CNRS 5516, Université Jean Monnet, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
2
CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
3
CEA, DAM, CEG, F-46500 Gramat, France
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2023, 12(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010081
Submission received: 1 December 2022 / Revised: 18 December 2022 / Accepted: 21 December 2022 / Published: 25 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiation Tolerant Electronics, Volume III)
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Abstract

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are of interest for implementation in radiation environments, such as part of illumination systems of radiation-tolerant cameras able to provide images at high doses (>MGy). It is then mandatory to characterize the radiation effects on all of the LED key properties exploited for such applications. To this aim, the evolution of the optical properties of commercial LEDs after they have been exposed to γ-rays, up to total ionizing dose (TID) levels of 2 MGy(air) at room temperature, is discussed. The devices under test include four LEDs of different colors (red, green, blue and white) in the same package. This allows a direct comparison between the responses of the different structures and technologies, as the proximity between the diodes ensures the uniformity of their irradiation conditions. The radiation effect on the electron–photon conversion mechanisms inside these LEDs is investigated through the evolution of their external quantum efficiency (EQE) vs. current characteristics. The spectral emission pattern of LEDs after irradiation at different dose levels is then characterized to estimate the TID effects on the lens which surrounds the LED package. The presented results show a monotone radiation-induced EQE decrease as a function of the TID, especially in the red LEDs. For the tested red LEDs, the EQE decreased up to 78% after a TID of 1 MGy when they were OFF during irradiation, and up to 8% when they were ON during irradiation. A visual inspection of the devices after irradiation shows a mechanical degradation of the lens shared among the four diodes. However, the emission pattern analysis does not show any significant radiation-induced changes in the optical properties of the lens. Based on these results, it appears possible to design LED-based illumination systems able to survive to MGy dose levels that can be integrated as subsystems of radiation-hardened cameras.
Keywords: LED; ionizing radiation; COTS; light-emitting diodes; gamma rays; total ionizing dose LED; ionizing radiation; COTS; light-emitting diodes; gamma rays; total ionizing dose

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MDPI and ACS Style

Weninger, L.; Clerc, R.; Ferrari, M.; Morana, A.; Allanche, T.; Pecorella, R.; Boukenter, A.; Ouerdane, Y.; Marin, E.; Duhamel, O.; et al. Gamma Ray Effects on Multi-Colored Commercial Light-Emitting Diodes at MGy Level. Electronics 2023, 12, 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010081

AMA Style

Weninger L, Clerc R, Ferrari M, Morana A, Allanche T, Pecorella R, Boukenter A, Ouerdane Y, Marin E, Duhamel O, et al. Gamma Ray Effects on Multi-Colored Commercial Light-Emitting Diodes at MGy Level. Electronics. 2023; 12(1):81. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010081

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weninger, Luca, Raphaël Clerc, Matteo Ferrari, Adriana Morana, Timothé Allanche, Roberto Pecorella, Aziz Boukenter, Youcef Ouerdane, Emmanuel Marin, Olivier Duhamel, and et al. 2023. "Gamma Ray Effects on Multi-Colored Commercial Light-Emitting Diodes at MGy Level" Electronics 12, no. 1: 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010081

APA Style

Weninger, L., Clerc, R., Ferrari, M., Morana, A., Allanche, T., Pecorella, R., Boukenter, A., Ouerdane, Y., Marin, E., Duhamel, O., Gaillardin, M., Paillet, P., & Girard, S. (2023). Gamma Ray Effects on Multi-Colored Commercial Light-Emitting Diodes at MGy Level. Electronics, 12(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010081

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