Age-Defying and Photoprotective Potential of Geranium/Calendula Essential Oil Encapsulated Vesicular Cream on Biochemical Parameters against UVB Radiation Induced Skin Aging in Rat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Ethics Declaration
2.2. Previous Findings
2.3. Cream Formulations
2.4. Evaluation of Photoprotective Potential of Cream Formulation
2.5. Animals and Treatments
2.6. Exposure to UVB Radiation
2.7. Tissue Preparation for Biochemical Study
2.8. Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters
2.8.1. Estimation of Total Protein Content
2.8.2. Estimation of Ascorbic Acid Content
2.8.3. Estimation of Hydroxyproline Content
2.8.4. Estimation of Malondialdehyde (Lipid Peroxidation Assay)
2.8.5. Estimation of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
2.8.6. Estimation of Catalase
2.9. Histopathology of Skin Tissue
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Estimation of Biochemical Parameters
3.1.1. Total Protein Estimation
3.1.2. Estimation of Ascorbic Acid
3.1.3. Estimation of Hydroxyproline
3.1.4. Estimation of Malondialdehyde (Lipid Peroxidation Assay)
3.1.5. Estimation of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
3.1.6. Estimation of Catalase
3.2. Histopathology of Skin Tissue
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients (% w/w) | Base Cream | GC1 | GC2 | GC3 * | GEO6 * | CC1 | CC2 | CC3 * | CEO6 * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bees wax | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Stearic acid | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Cetyl alcohol | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Olive oil | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Coconut oil | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
Span 60 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
Tween 60 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
Aloe vera gel | q.s. | q.s. | q.s. | q.s. | q.s. | q.s. | q.s. | q.s. | q.s. |
GEO loaded in vesicles | ---- | 2 | 4 | 6 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
CEO loaded in vesicles | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2 | 4 | 6 | --- |
Free GEO | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Free CEO | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6 |
Groups | Treatment |
---|---|
Group 1 | Neither irradiated nor treated with test formulation (maintained at similar conditions and diet) |
Group 2 | UVB irradiated group |
Group 3 | Pretreated with Base cream + UVB irradiated |
Group 4 | Pretreated with GC3 formulation + UVB irradiated |
Group 5 | Pretreated with CC3 Formulation + UVB irradiated |
Group 6 | Pretreated with GEO6 Formulation + UVB irradiated |
Group 7 | Pretreated with CEO6 Formulation + UVB irradiated |
Group | Treatment | TP (µg/mL) | AA (mg/100mL) | HyP (mg/gm) | MDA (nmoles/mg Protein) |
Catalase (µmole/min/mg) | SOD (U/mg Protein) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Control Group | 690.02 ± 0.36 | 6.315 ± 0.157 | 4.08 ± 0.224 | 0.282 ± 0.14 | 37.07 ± 0.52 | 1.51 ± 0.003 |
2 | UVB irradiated group | 224.73 ± 0.12 | 2.358 ± 0.149 | 1.25 ± 0.048 | 0.961 ± 0.28 | 18.72 ± 0.24 | 0.662 ± 0.01 |
3 | Pretreated with base cream + UVB irradiated | 371.40 ± 0.26 | 3.570 ± 0.123 | 2.18 ± 0.137 | 0.704 ± 0.03 | 22.08 ± 0.18 | 0.947 ± 0.01 |
4 | Pretreated with GC3 cream + UVB irradiated | 650.95 ± 0.32 | 5.590 ± 0.088 | 3.02 ± 0.122 | 0.407 ± 0.08 | 33.22 ± 0.40 | 1.42 ± 0.44 |
5 | Pretreated with CC3 cream + UVB irradiated | 684.30 ± 0.48 | 5.940 ± 0.053 | 3.97 ± 0.179 | 0.310 ± 0.15 | 31.28 ± 0.45 | 1.28 ± 0.04 |
6 | Pretreated with GEO6 cream + UVB irradiated | 494.02 ± 0.20 | 4.590 ± 0.226 | 2.49 ± 0.139 | 0.615 ± 0.20 | 28.20 ± 0.28 | 1.16 ± 0.03 |
7 | Pretreated with CEO6 cream + UVB irradiated | 528.89 ± 0.22 | 3.820 ± 0.060 | 2.84 ± 0.023 | 0.564 ± 0.24 | 25.12 ± 0.20 | 0.985 ± 0.01 |
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Lohani, A.; Morganti, P. Age-Defying and Photoprotective Potential of Geranium/Calendula Essential Oil Encapsulated Vesicular Cream on Biochemical Parameters against UVB Radiation Induced Skin Aging in Rat. Cosmetics 2022, 9, 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9020043
Lohani A, Morganti P. Age-Defying and Photoprotective Potential of Geranium/Calendula Essential Oil Encapsulated Vesicular Cream on Biochemical Parameters against UVB Radiation Induced Skin Aging in Rat. Cosmetics. 2022; 9(2):43. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9020043
Chicago/Turabian StyleLohani, Alka, and Pierfrancesco Morganti. 2022. "Age-Defying and Photoprotective Potential of Geranium/Calendula Essential Oil Encapsulated Vesicular Cream on Biochemical Parameters against UVB Radiation Induced Skin Aging in Rat" Cosmetics 9, no. 2: 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9020043