Developing Botanical Formulations for Sustainable Cosmetics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Rice Bran Oil
2.2. Formulation Preparation
2.3. Electrospinning Process
2.4. Microstructure Analysis
2.5. Liquid Uptake Capacity
2.6. Weight Loss under Simulated Physiological Conditions
2.7. Encapsulation Efficiency
2.8. Cell Culture
2.8.1. Cell Viability
2.8.2. Statistical Analysis of Cell Viability
2.9. Statistical Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters
3. Results
3.1. Nanostructured Cosmetic Morphology
3.2. Liquid Uptake Performance
3.3. Weight Loss in Simulated Physiological Conditions
3.4. Encapsulation Efficiency
3.5. Cell Viability
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polymer 10%(w/v) | EC + PVP (9:1) |
Bioactive agent | 1%, 5%, 10% RBO |
Solvent | Ethanol absolute |
Needle diameter | 0.33–0.7µm |
Flow rate | 0.1–20 mL/h |
Voltage | 5–15 kV |
Temperature | 20–25 °C |
Relative humidity | 45–55% |
Distance between needle and collector | 7–25 cm |
Formulations | Diameters (µm) ± SD |
---|---|
RBO 0% | 0.216 ± 0.127 A |
RBO 1% | 0.297 ± 0.093 B |
RBO 5% | 0.252 ± 0.089 A,B |
RBO 10% | 0.371 ± 0.130 C |
Formulations | EE (mg/g) ± SD | EE (%) ± SD |
---|---|---|
RBO 1% | <LD | <LD A |
RBO 5% | 48.47 ± 2.16 | 97 ± 4 B |
RBO 10% | 85.34 ± 4.05 | 85 ± 4 *C |
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Lima, L.L.; Bispo-dos-Santos, K.; Trevisan, I.M.C.; Rapôso, C.; Velho, P.E.N.F.; Bagatin, E.; Rezende, R.A.; da Silva, J.V.L.; Ricci Leonardi, G. Developing Botanical Formulations for Sustainable Cosmetics. Cosmetics 2023, 10, 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060159
Lima LL, Bispo-dos-Santos K, Trevisan IMC, Rapôso C, Velho PENF, Bagatin E, Rezende RA, da Silva JVL, Ricci Leonardi G. Developing Botanical Formulations for Sustainable Cosmetics. Cosmetics. 2023; 10(6):159. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060159
Chicago/Turabian StyleLima, Lonetá Lauro, Karina Bispo-dos-Santos, Ingrid Mayara Cavalcante Trevisan, Catarina Rapôso, Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho, Ediléia Bagatin, Rodrigo Alvarenga Rezende, Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva, and Gislaine Ricci Leonardi. 2023. "Developing Botanical Formulations for Sustainable Cosmetics" Cosmetics 10, no. 6: 159. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060159