Mining and Europe’s World Heritage Cultural Landscapes
1
Mining Engineering and Mineral Economics, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
2
Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, 31-261 Kraków, Poland
3
Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, Institute of Landscape Planning, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Volker Beckmann
Resources 2021, 10(2), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10020018
Received: 30 December 2020 / Revised: 9 February 2021 / Accepted: 12 February 2021 / Published: 23 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral Deposit Safeguarding in the EU)
This study examines the four cases of World Heritage protected cultural landscapes in Europe that are characterized by mining in order to identify the role mining plays today in such cultural landscapes, the legal requirements for their protection, and also the exploration and exploitation in these areas and the differences that exist between the five European countries concerned. Using a qualitative comparative case study approach, the authors find that active mining is taking place in the Austrian case, and exploration is happening adjacent to the German/Czech protected cultural landscape. The legal protection of the cases is mainly based on heritage and monument protection legislation as well as environment protection legislation including the Natura 2000 network. Differences exist, as other than in Germany, exploration and mining could be allowed in protected areas, which is also contrary to the position of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, and the International Council on Mining and Metals.
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Keywords:
cultural landscapes; mining; mineral resources; World Heritage Sites; UNESCO; sustainable land use
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MDPI and ACS Style
Tost, M.; Ammerer, G.; Kot-Niewiadomska, A.; Gugerell, K. Mining and Europe’s World Heritage Cultural Landscapes. Resources 2021, 10, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10020018
AMA Style
Tost M, Ammerer G, Kot-Niewiadomska A, Gugerell K. Mining and Europe’s World Heritage Cultural Landscapes. Resources. 2021; 10(2):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10020018
Chicago/Turabian StyleTost, Michael; Ammerer, Gloria; Kot-Niewiadomska, Alicja; Gugerell, Katharina. 2021. "Mining and Europe’s World Heritage Cultural Landscapes" Resources 10, no. 2: 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10020018
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