A Systematic Review of Parameters Influencing the Integration of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Trucks in Road Freight Logistics

Road freight logistics is one of the most difficult transport segments to decarbonize. In recent years, battery electric trucks and hydrogen fuel cell electric trucks have emerged as the most promising alternatives to conventional heavy-duty vehicles. However, their integration cannot be reduced to a question of vehicle substitution, as it depends on a broader system of conditions. This paper aims to identify and structure the system-determining parameters that influence the use of battery electric trucks and hydrogen fuel cell electric trucks in road freight logistics. To this end, the study applies a systematic literature review, yielding a final sample of 42 publications. The review shows that drive type suitability depends on parameters across four categories: economic, ecological, performance-related, and external. Accordingly, no single factor determines suitability; rather, outcomes emerge from the interaction of multiple conditions. The reviewed literature does not support a universally superior drive technology. Instead, the suitability of battery electric trucks and hydrogen fuel cell electric trucks depends on the specific configuration of the surrounding system. The paper thus provides a structured framework for future comparative assessments in sustainable road freight logistics. The study is embedded in the Research Campus Mobility2Grid, which provides a practice-oriented context for assessing alternative drive technologies in relation to fleet, depot, energy, and logistics-system requirements.