Molecular Imaging of Galectin-1 Expression as a Biomarker of Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Using Peptide-Functionalized Imaging Probes
by
Deborah Fanfone 1,†
, Dimitri Stanicki 2, Denis Nonclercq 3, Marc Port 4, Luce Vander Elst 1, Sophie Laurent 1,2, Robert N. Muller 1,2, Sven Saussez 5 and 
Carmen Burtea 1,*
Deborah Fanfone 1,†, Dimitri Stanicki 2, Denis Nonclercq 3, Marc Port 4, Luce Vander Elst 1, Sophie Laurent 1,2, Robert N. Muller 1,2, Sven Saussez 5 and Carmen Burtea 1,*
1
Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, UMONS, Avenue Victor Maistriau 19, 7000 Mons, Belgium
2
Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland, 8, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium
3
Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons–UMONS, Avenue du Champ de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
4
Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (EA 7528), Equipe Chimie Moléculaire, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), HESAM Université, 75003 Paris, France
5
Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, UMONS, Avenue du Champ de Mars, 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Present address: Département Signalisation de l’Échappement Tumoral. Laboratoire (Cancer Cell Death), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 28, Rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France.
Biology 2020, 9(3), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9030053
Received: 20 January 2020 / Revised: 3 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 March 2020 / Published: 14 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Targets and Targeting in Biomedical Sciences)
Thyroid cancers are the most frequent endocrine cancers and their incidence is increasing worldwide. Thyroid nodules occur in over 19–68% of the population, but only 7–15% of them are diagnosed as malignant. Diagnosis relies on a fine needle aspiration biopsy, which is often inconclusive and about 90% of thyroidectomies are performed for benign lesions. Galectin-1 has been proposed as a confident biomarker for the discrimination of malignant from benign nodules. We previously identified by phage display two peptides (P1 and P7) targeting galectin-1, with the goal of developing imaging probes for non-invasive diagnosis of thyroid cancer. The peptides were coupled to ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) or to a near-infrared dye (CF770) for non-invasive detection of galectin-1 expression in a mouse model of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC, as the most frequent one) by magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging. The imaging probes functionalized with the two peptides presented comparable image enhancement characteristics. However, those coupled to P7 were more favorable, and showed decreased retention by the liver and spleen (known for their galectin-1 expression) and high sensitivity (75%) and specificity (100%) of PTC detection, which confirm the aptitude of this peptide to discriminate human malignant from benign nodules (80% sensitivity, 100% specificity) previously observed by immunohistochemistry.
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Keywords:
thyroid cancer; galectin-1; peptides; functionalized imaging probes; ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide; CF770; magnetic resonance imaging; fluorescence lifetime imaging
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MDPI and ACS Style
Fanfone, D.; Stanicki, D.; Nonclercq, D.; Port, M.; Vander Elst, L.; Laurent, S.; Muller, R.N.; Saussez, S.; Burtea, C. Molecular Imaging of Galectin-1 Expression as a Biomarker of Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Using Peptide-Functionalized Imaging Probes. Biology 2020, 9, 53.
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