Temperature- and Nutrients-Induced Phenotypic Changes of Antarctic Green Snow Bacteria Probed by High-Throughput FTIR Spectroscopy
by
, ,
Margarita Smirnova
1,*
,
Valeria Tafintseva
1,
Achim Kohler
1,
Uladzislau Miamin
2 and
Volha Shapaval
1 1
Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Aas, Norway
2
Faculty of Biology, Belarussian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biology 2022, 11(6), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11060890
Submission received: 14 March 2022
/
Revised: 21 May 2022
/
Accepted: 8 June 2022
/
Published: 9 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Ecology and Evolution in Extreme Environments)
Simple Summary
Green snow microorganisms play an important role in biogeochemical cycle and carbon sink processes and they can be a source of biotechnologically interesting cell factories. A wide temperature tolerance is a unique property of bacteria isolated from cold environments, which has received great attention in the last years. The present paper examines the growth and chemical profile flexibility for green snow bacteria exposed to different temperature and nutrient fluctuations. By applying high-throughput chemical phenotyping with FTIR spectroscopy we discovered chemical changes possessed by green snow bacteria when grown at high/low temperature and rich/minimal media.
Abstract
Temperature fluctuations and nutrient composition are the main parameters influencing green snow microbiome. In this study we investigated the influence of temperature and nutrient conditions on the growth and cellular chemical profile of bacteria isolated from green snow. Chemical profiling of the green snow bacteria was done by high-throughput FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis. We showed that temperature and nutrients fluctuations strongly affect growth ability and chemical profile of the green snow bacteria. The size of colonies for green snow bacteria grown at higher (25 °C) and lower (4 °C and 10 °C) than optimal temperature (18 °C) was smaller. All isolates grew on rich medium, and only 19 isolates were able to grow on synthetic minimal media. Lipid and mixed spectral regions showed to be phylogeny related. FTIR fingerprinting indicates that lipids are often affected by the temperature fluctuations. Growth on different media resulted in the change of the whole chemical profile, where lipids showed to be more affected than proteins and polysaccharides. Correlation analysis showed that nutrient composition is clearly strongly influencing chemical changes in the cells, followed by temperature.
