A Biomarker Approach as Responses of Bioindicator Commercial Fish Species to Microplastic Ingestion: Assessing Tissue and Biochemical Relationships
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Biological Sampling
2.3. MP Ingestion Quantification
2.4. Sample Preparation for Biomarkers
2.5. Enzymatic Activities
2.6. MDA Levels
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. MP Intake
4.2. Biomarker Response
4.3. Antioxidant Response
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Group | Length (cm) | Weight (g) | Condition Factor (CF) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mullus surmuletus | No MP intake | 18.1 ± 0.37 | 65.8 ± 3.40 | 1.45 ± 0.07 |
MP intake | 18.1 ± 0.45 | 70.4 ± 4.26 | 1.44 ± 0.05 | |
Boops boops | No MP intake | 18.1 ± 0.39 | 57.7 ± 3.46 | 1.11 ± 0.02 |
MP intake | 17.6 ± 0.71 | 53.6 ± 5.26 | 1.04 ± 0.04 | |
Engraulis encrasicolus | No MP intake | 8.04 ± 0.39 | 10.4 ± 0.19 | 0.64 ± 0.02 |
MP intake | 8.88 ± 0.40 | 10.8 ± 0.13 | 0.64 ± 0.03 |
Species | Fragments | Fibres | Total MPs |
---|---|---|---|
Mullus surmuletus | 0.48 ± 0.18 | 1.60 ± 0.28 | 2.05 ± 0.36 |
Boops boops | 0.36 ± 0.11 | 4.38 ± 1.01 * | 4.74 ± 1.04 * |
Engraulis encrasicolus | 1.05 ± 0.22 *,# | 2.68 ± 0.33 | 3.74 ± 0.41 |
Plastic Intake | Mullus surmuletus | Boops boops | Engraulis encrasicolus | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liver | ||||
CAT (mK/mg prot) | No intake | 939 ± 65.7 | 954 ± 77.5 | 966 ± 103 |
Intake | 882 ± 108 | 848 ± 146 | 1582 ± 179 * | |
SOD (pkat/mg prot) | No intake | 52.8 ± 2.95 | 50.3 ± 3.15 | 25.8 ± 2.21 |
Intake | 53.1 ± 3.01 | 45.6 ± 5.38 | 33.4 ± 2.53 * | |
Brain | ||||
CAT (mK/mg prot) | No intake | 154 ± 16.2 | 123 ± 16.2 | 697 ± 155 |
Intake | 247 ± 61.7 * | 219 ± 27.3 * | 465 ± 177 | |
SOD (pkat/mg prot) | No intake | 14.9 ± 0.88 | 16.4 ± 1.58 | 36.2 ± 3.26 |
Intake | 13.8 ± 1.4 | 30.4 ± 3.79 * | 50.2 ± 2.59 * |
Plastic Intake | Mullus surmuletus | Boops boops | Engraulis encrasicolus | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liver | ||||
LPO (nmols/mg of prot) | No intake | 0.66 ± 0.06 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.16 |
Intake | 0.49 ± 0.09 | 0.74 ± 0.11 | 0.88 ± 0.07 | |
MDA (nmols/mg of prot) | No intake | 1287 ± 136 | 1876 ± 203 | 1343 ± 135 |
Intake | 1204 ± 295 | 1622 ± 322 | 2872 ± 318 * | |
Brain | ||||
LPO (nmols/mg of prot) | No intake | 0.80 ± 0.07 | 1.12 ± 0.06 | 2.24 ± 0.11 |
Intake | 0.99 ± 0.23 | 1.12 ± 0.09 | 3.56 ± 0.43 * | |
MDA (nmols/mg of prot) | No intake | 887 ± 61.4 | 875 ± 51.9 | 550 ± 72.3 |
Intake | 1021 ± 242 | 1307 ± 118 | 1042 ± 203 * |
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Capó, X.; Morató, M.; Alomar, C.; Rios-Fuster, B.; Valls, M.; Compa, M.; Deudero, S. A Biomarker Approach as Responses of Bioindicator Commercial Fish Species to Microplastic Ingestion: Assessing Tissue and Biochemical Relationships. Biology 2022, 11, 1634. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111634
Capó X, Morató M, Alomar C, Rios-Fuster B, Valls M, Compa M, Deudero S. A Biomarker Approach as Responses of Bioindicator Commercial Fish Species to Microplastic Ingestion: Assessing Tissue and Biochemical Relationships. Biology. 2022; 11(11):1634. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111634
Chicago/Turabian StyleCapó, Xavier, Merce Morató, Carme Alomar, Beatriz Rios-Fuster, Maria Valls, Montserrat Compa, and Salud Deudero. 2022. "A Biomarker Approach as Responses of Bioindicator Commercial Fish Species to Microplastic Ingestion: Assessing Tissue and Biochemical Relationships" Biology 11, no. 11: 1634. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111634