New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Statement
2.2. Study Design and Sample Collection
2.3. Microscopic Agglutination Test
2.4. Culturing of Leptospires
2.5. DNA Extraction and PCR Assays
2.6. Multi Locus Sequence Types (MLST)
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Collection of Dogs | Kennel Location (Abbreviation Letter) | No. of Hosted Dogs | No. of Tested Dogs | No. of Captured Rodents |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ossi (A) | 130 | 63 | 30 | |
Alghero (B) | 450 | 298 | 48 | |
Porto Torres (C) | 80 | 41 | 12 | |
Codrongianos (D) | 130 | 100 | 22 | |
Porto Torres (E) | 100 | 50 | 27 | |
Kennel | Sassari (F) | 280 | 149 | 36 |
Porto Torres (G) | 100 | 49 | 11 | |
Ittiri (H) | 320 | 194 | 15 | |
Sassari (I) | 55 | 31 | 7 | |
Sassari (L) | 280 | 160 | 15 | |
Sassari (M) | 150 | 73 | 14 | |
Private | Sassari | - | 88 | - |
Total | 11 | 2075 | 1296 | 237 |
Genomospecies | Serogroup | Serovar | Strain |
---|---|---|---|
L. interrogans | Sejroe | Hardjo | Hardjoprajitno n°224 |
Australis | Bratislava | Hedgehog n°47 | |
Pomona | Pomona | Pomona n°222 | |
Icterohaem. | Icterohaem. | RGA 20 | |
Icterohaem. | Copenhageni | Wijnberg n°1 | |
Canicola | Canicola | Alarik n°2 | |
L. kirschneri | Grippotyphosa | Grippotyphosa | Moska V n°54 |
L. borgpetersenii | Tarassovi | Tarassovi | Mitis Johnson n°6 |
Ballum | Ballum | Mus 127 n°217 |
Kennels | MAT Analysis | MAT Positives (; 95% CI) |
---|---|---|
A | 63 | 20 (32; 20–44) |
B | 298 | 4 (1; 0–2) |
C | 41 | 9 (22; 9–35) |
D | 100 | 8 (8; 3–13) |
E | 50 | 7 (14; 4–24) |
F | 149 | 34 (23; 16–30) |
G | 49 | 1 (2; 0–6) |
H | 194 | 32 (17; 12–22) |
I | 31 | 0 |
L | 160 | 29 (18; 12–24) |
M | 73 | 10 (14; 6–22) |
Owned | 88 | 10 (11; 4–18) |
Total | 1296 | 164 (13%; 11–15) |
Dog Information | Kennel Dogs | Owned Dogs | Tot. | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | L | M | ||||
Sex | ||||||||||||||
Male | 9 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 17 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 80 | |
Female | 11 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 17 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 17 | 4 | 7 | 84 | |
Total | 20 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 34 | 1 | 32 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 10 | 164 | |
Age | ||||||||||||||
<2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 12 | |
2–8 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 22 | 1 | 24 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 9 | 96 | |
>8 | 12 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 12 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 56 | ||
Total | 20 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 34 | 1 | 32 | 0 | 29 | 10 | 10 | 164 | |
Size | ||||||||||||||
Large | 11 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 29 | |
Medium | 1 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 24 | 1 | 27 | 0 | 26 | 9 | 6 | 110 | |
Small | 8 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 25 | |
Total | 20 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 34 | 1 | 32 | 0 | 29 | 10 | 10 | 164 | |
Vaccination status | ||||||||||||||
No | 20 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 77 | |
<6 months | 0 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 34 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 2 | 87 | |
Total | 20 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 34 | 1 | 32 | 0 | 29 | 10 | 10 | 164 |
Genospecie | Serogroup | Serovar | Number of Dogs with Respective MAT Titers | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1:100 | 1:200 | 1:400 | 1:800 | 1:1600 | 1:3200 | |||||||||||
Vaccination in Months | Total (%) | |||||||||||||||
No | <6 | No | <6 | No | <6 | No | <6 | No | <6 | No | <6 | No | <6 | |||
L. interrogans | Australis | Bratislava | 5 | 13 | 5 | - | 2 | 4 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | 13 (17) | 19 (22) |
L. interrogans | Canicola | Canicola | 3 | 16 | 3 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6(8) | 17 (20) |
L. interrogans | Icterohaem. | Copenhageni | 30 | 45 | 14 | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 47 (61) | 47 (54) |
L. interrogans | Icterohaem. | Icterohaem. | 20 | 41 | 16 | - | 8 | 6 | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 47 (61) | 48 (55) |
L. kirschneri | Grippotyphosa | Grippotyphosa | 5 | 6 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 (8) | 6 (7) |
Rodent Group | Scientific Name (n.) | Source | MAT | qPCR | Cultural Isolation | MLST (n.) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tested | Positives (%; 95%CI) | Tested | Positives (%; 95%CI) | Tested | Positives (%;95%CI) | ||||
Rat (160) | Rattus rattus (158) | Kidney | - | - | 158 | 13 (8; 4–12) | 158 | 3 (2; 0–4) | ST17 (1); ST 149 (2) |
Liver | - | - | 3 | 1 (33; 0–83) | 3 | 0 | |||
Urine | - | - | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||
Serum | 15 | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Rattus norvegicus (2) | Kidney | - | - | 2 | 1 (50; 0–120) | 2 | 1 (50; | ST 198 (1) | |
Liver | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Urine | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Serum | 2 | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Mouse (77) | Apodemus sylvaticus (70) | Kidney | - | - | 70 | 9 (13; 5–21) | 70 | 3 (4; 0–9) | ST 149 (3) |
Liver | - | - | 2 | 1 (50; 0–120) | 2 | 0 | |||
Urine | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Mus musculus (7) | Kidney | - | - | 7 | 2 (29; 18–40) | 7 | 0 | ||
Liver | - | - | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 | 0 | |||
Total | 237 | 17 | 0 | 237 | 28 (12; 8–16) | 237 | 7 (3; 1–5) |
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Piredda, I.; Ponti, M.N.; Piras, A.; Palmas, B.; Pintore, P.; Pedditzi, A.; Chisu, V. New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study. Biology 2021, 10, 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060507
Piredda I, Ponti MN, Piras A, Palmas B, Pintore P, Pedditzi A, Chisu V. New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study. Biology. 2021; 10(6):507. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060507
Chicago/Turabian StylePiredda, Ivana, Maria Nicoletta Ponti, Angela Piras, Bruna Palmas, Pierangela Pintore, Aureliana Pedditzi, and Valentina Chisu. 2021. "New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study" Biology 10, no. 6: 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060507
APA StylePiredda, I., Ponti, M. N., Piras, A., Palmas, B., Pintore, P., Pedditzi, A., & Chisu, V. (2021). New Insights on Leptospira Infections in a Canine Population from North Sardinia, Italy: A Sero-Epidemiological Study. Biology, 10(6), 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060507