Bright Light Therapy for Parkinson Disease: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inclusion Criteria
2.2. Literature Search Strategy
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Outcomes
2.5. Appraisal of Methodological Quality
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author (Year) | Inclusion Criteria | No. of Patients (Male, %) | Age, Mean (SD or Range) | Intervention | Main Findings | Reason for Not Including into Meta-Analysis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Willis and Turner (2007) | PD with depression or insomnia | 12 (67) | 66 (46~83) | BLT 1000–1500 lux, 1–1.5 h | Improvement in motor, mood, and sleep | Open-label, single-arm |
Willis et al. (2012) | PD | 129 (unknown) | 66 (12) | BLT 4000–6000 lux, 1–1.5 h | Improvement in motor, mood, and sleep | Retrospective, open-label study |
Rios Romenets et al. (2013) | PD with insomnia | BLT + CBT: 6 (100) Placebo: 6 (86) | BLT + CBT: 64.5 (16.3) Placebo: 69.5 (10.5) | BLT 10000 lux, 30 min + weekly CBT | Improvement in sleep and quality of life | Can not clarify the effect of BLT alone |
Martino et al. (2018) | PD | 140 (65) | 66 (10) | BLT 3000–4000 lux, 1–4 h | Improvement in insomnia and RBD | Retrospective, open-label study |
Smilowska et al. (2019) | PD | 31 (unknown) | unknown | Blue light glasses, 40 lux, usually 30–60 min, twice a day | Improvement in motor, mood, and sleep | Retrospective survey |
Endo et al. (2020) | PD | 16 (38) | 65.4(7.1) | BLT, 5000 lux, 2 h, three months | Improvement in sleep | Open-label, single-arm |
Author (Year) | Inclusion Criteria | No. of Patients (Male, %) | Age, Mean (SD or Range) | Baseline H and Y Stage | Intervention | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paus et al. (2007) | Stage I to IV MMSE ≥ 24 | E: 18 (67) C: 18 (61) | E: 63.6 (9.8) C: 63.4 (9.7) | E: 2.7 ± 0.6 C: 2.5 ± 0.4 | BLT 7500 lux for 30 min daily for 14 days | BDI, ESS, UPDRS |
Videnovic et al. (2017) | Stages I to IV ESS: ≥12 | E: 16 (50) C: 15 (33) | E: 62.3 (10.8) C: 64.0 (8.9) | E: 2.1 ± 0.3 C: 2.3 ± 0.5 | BLT 10,000 lux for 1 h twice/day for 14 days | BDI, ESS, UPDRS |
Willis (2018) | PD | E: 10 (60) C: 10 (50) | E: 66.9 (54–75) C: 66.3 (53–79) | unknown | Polychromatic light, 3000 lux, 1 h for 2 week | BDI, ESS, UPDRS |
Rutten et al. (2019) | PD with MDD | E: 35 (57) C: 37 (53) | E: 58.9 (8.5) C: 65.8 (8.6) | E: 2.1 ± 0.6 C: 2.4 ± 0.7 | BLT 10,000 lux for 30 min twice/day for 90 days | BDI, ESS, UPDRS, SCOPA-SLEEP |
Raymackers et al. (2019) | PD | Cross-over design E-C: 8 (50) C-E:8 (75) | E-C: 66.50 (6.30) C-E: 68.88 (5.89) | unknown | Blue enriched light, average 472.7 lux, 45 min for one month | HADS, ESS |
Allocation Bias | Performance Bias | Attrition Bias | Measurement Bias | Reporting Bias | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paus 2007 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Videnovic 2017 | Some concern | Some concern | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Willis 2018 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Raymackers 2019 | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Rutten 2019 | Low risk | Low risk | Some concern | Low risk | Low risk |
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Huang, H.-T.; Huang, T.-W.; Hong, C.-T. Bright Light Therapy for Parkinson Disease: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biology 2021, 10, 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111205
Huang H-T, Huang T-W, Hong C-T. Bright Light Therapy for Parkinson Disease: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biology. 2021; 10(11):1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111205
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Hsu-Tung, Tsai-Wei Huang, and Chien-Tai Hong. 2021. "Bright Light Therapy for Parkinson Disease: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials" Biology 10, no. 11: 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111205