Investigation of Chemical and Physical Surface Changes of Thermally Conditioned Glass Fibres
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Tensile Strength of Heat-Treated Fibres
3.2. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
3.3. Atomic Force Microscopy
3.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.4.1. Fibre Surfaces
3.4.2. Fracture Surfaces
4. Discussion
4.1. Chemical Surface Changes
4.2. Physical Surface Changes
4.2.1. Possibility of Phase Separation
4.2.2. Effects Relating to Water
4.3. Fibre Strength Loss and Fracture Behaviour
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment temperature (°C) | Element Atomic % | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Si | O | Ca | Al | Mg | Na | |
20 | 18.97 | 70.27 | 5.36 | 3.94 | 1.13 | 0.31 |
450 | 18.94 | 67.55 | 5.60 | 3.62 | 2.66 | 1.27 |
500 | 19.72 | 67.7 | 5.56 | 4.56 | 1.34 | 1.12 |
600 | 19.26 | 67.84 | 6.14 | 4.42 | 1.66 | 0.67 |
Sample | Fracture Surfaces Available | Type 1 | Type 2 | Type 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Surface flaw data | No. | No visible origin | Visible origin | Internal pore |
Continuous E-glass | 19 | 15 | 4 | 0 |
Treatment Temperature (°C) | Measured Avg. Strength (GPa) | Avg. zmin (nm) | Calculated Strength (GPa) | Calculated Strength (GPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Y = 1.12 | Y = 1.29 | |||
200 | 1.42 | −8.5 | 5.0 | 4.3 |
300 | 1.31 | −22.2 | 3.1 | 2.7 |
400–450 | 1.12 | −11.9 | 4.2 | 3.7 |
500 | 0.83 | −14.8 | 3.8 | 3.3 |
600 | 0.66 | −21.4 | 3.1 | 2.7 |
700 | 0.31 | −31.7 | 2.6 | 2.2 |
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Jenkins, P.G.; Yang, L.; Thomason, J.L.; Chen, X.; Watts, J.F.; Hinder, S.J. Investigation of Chemical and Physical Surface Changes of Thermally Conditioned Glass Fibres. Fibers 2019, 7, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7010007
Jenkins PG, Yang L, Thomason JL, Chen X, Watts JF, Hinder SJ. Investigation of Chemical and Physical Surface Changes of Thermally Conditioned Glass Fibres. Fibers. 2019; 7(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7010007
Chicago/Turabian StyleJenkins, Peter G, Liu Yang, James L Thomason, Xinyong Chen, John F Watts, and Steven J Hinder. 2019. "Investigation of Chemical and Physical Surface Changes of Thermally Conditioned Glass Fibres" Fibers 7, no. 1: 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7010007