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Volume 15
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10.3390/coatings15020226
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Article

P-Doped Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Derived Co3O4 Nanowire Arrays Supported on Nickle Foam: An Efficient Urea Electro-Oxidation Catalyst

by
Yong Liu
1,*,
Junqing Ma
1,
Yifei Pei
1,
Xinyue Han
1,
Xinyuan Ren
2,
Yanfang Liang
1,
Can Li
3,
Tingting Liang
1,
Fang Wang
4,* and
Xianming Liu
5
1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
2
School of Art & Design, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
3
Modo Institute of Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
4
School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
5
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2025, 15(2), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15020226
Submission received: 29 December 2024 / Revised: 7 February 2025 / Accepted: 9 February 2025 / Published: 14 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings for Enhanced Electrochemical Catalysis and Energy Storage Technologies)
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Abstract

The urea electro-oxidation reaction (UOR) is emerging as a new energy conversion technology and a promising method for alleviating water eutrophication problems. However, a rationally designed structure of the electrode materials is urgently required to achieve high UOR performance. Herein, P-doped MOF-derived Co3O4 nanowire arrays grown on nickel foam (P-Co3O4/NF) are successfully synthesized via the growth of Co-MOF and subsequent calcination followed by phosphorization treatment. Owing to the optimized electronic structure, the as-prepared P-Co3O4/NF composite exhibits much higher UOR electrocatalytic performance than the undoped Co3O4/NF sample. Beyond this, the meticulous structure of the one-dimensional nanowire arrays and the three-dimensional skeleton structure of nickel foam contribute to the enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability toward UOR. As a result, the P-Co3O4/NF composite displays a low overpotential of 1.419 V vs. RHE at 50 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 82 mV dec−1, as well as favorable long-term stability over 65,000 s in 1.0 M KOH with 1.0 M urea. This work opens a new avenue in designing non-precious electrocatalysts for high-performance urea electro-oxidation reactions.
Keywords: p-doping; Co3O4 nanowire arrays; nickel foam; metal–organic frameworks; urea electro-oxidation p-doping; Co3O4 nanowire arrays; nickel foam; metal–organic frameworks; urea electro-oxidation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, Y.; Ma, J.; Pei, Y.; Han, X.; Ren, X.; Liang, Y.; Li, C.; Liang, T.; Wang, F.; Liu, X. P-Doped Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Derived Co3O4 Nanowire Arrays Supported on Nickle Foam: An Efficient Urea Electro-Oxidation Catalyst. Coatings 2025, 15, 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15020226

AMA Style

Liu Y, Ma J, Pei Y, Han X, Ren X, Liang Y, Li C, Liang T, Wang F, Liu X. P-Doped Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Derived Co3O4 Nanowire Arrays Supported on Nickle Foam: An Efficient Urea Electro-Oxidation Catalyst. Coatings. 2025; 15(2):226. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15020226

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Yong, Junqing Ma, Yifei Pei, Xinyue Han, Xinyuan Ren, Yanfang Liang, Can Li, Tingting Liang, Fang Wang, and Xianming Liu. 2025. "P-Doped Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Derived Co3O4 Nanowire Arrays Supported on Nickle Foam: An Efficient Urea Electro-Oxidation Catalyst" Coatings 15, no. 2: 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15020226

APA Style

Liu, Y., Ma, J., Pei, Y., Han, X., Ren, X., Liang, Y., Li, C., Liang, T., Wang, F., & Liu, X. (2025). P-Doped Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Derived Co3O4 Nanowire Arrays Supported on Nickle Foam: An Efficient Urea Electro-Oxidation Catalyst. Coatings, 15(2), 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15020226

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