Study on the Performance of Nano-Zinc Oxide/Basalt Fiber Composite Modified Asphalt and Mixture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Raw Material
2.1. Asphalt
2.2. Nano-Zinc Oxide
2.3. Basalt Fiber
3. Test Scheme
3.1. Optimization of Surface Properties of Nano-ZnO
- (1)
- Different doses of aluminate coupling agent were added to the prepared ethanol solution (anhydrous ethanol:water = 9:1). The mixture was stirred with a glass rod evenly and then added to a conical flask. By stirring the mixture for 5 min at room temperature with a magnetic stirrer, the nano-ZnO was brought into full contact with the coupling agent.
- (2)
- A certain amount of nano-ZnO was weighed and dried in the electric blast drying box and slowly added to a conical bottle. The motor temperature was adjusted to 70 °C, the speed to 300 rpm, and stirring was continued for 40 min.
- (3)
- The activated nano-ZnO was placed in an electric blast drying furnace, and the temperature was controlled at about 100 °C. Finally, the dried nano-ZnO was placed in a mortar for grinding.
3.2. Preparation of Composite-Modified Asphalt
3.3. Rolling Thin Film Oven Test
3.4. Rheological Test of High-Temperature Dynamic Shear
3.5. Rheological Test of Low-Temperature Bending Beam
3.6. Scanning Electron Microscope Experiments
3.7. Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy Test
4. Experiment Results and Analysis
4.1. Aging Performance Analysis
4.2. Analysis of Dynamic Shear Rheological Test
4.2.1. Temperature Scanning
4.2.2. Frequency Scanning
- (1)
- Frequency scanning test
- (2)
- Main curve analysis of frequency scanning results
4.3. Analysis of Bending Beam Rheological Test
4.4. Micromorphology Analysis
4.4.1. Study on the Microstructure of Raw Materials
4.4.2. Morphology Characterization Analysis of Composite-Modified Asphalt
4.5. Infrared Spectrum Test Analysis of Composite-Modified Asphalt
- (1)
- The infrared spectra of matrix asphalt are analyzed as follows: There are two significant characteristic absorption peaks at 2905 cm−1 and 2817 cm−1, which are caused by the stretching vibration of the C–H bond in asymmetric methylene and symmetric methylene (-CH2-), respectively. The stretching vibration peaks at 1486 cm−1 and 1378 cm−1 were observed, which may be caused by the bending vibration of the C–H bond in the asymmetric group and the symmetrical methyl (-CH3-). A weak absorption peak was found at a wave number of about 1035 cm−1, corresponding to the stretching vibration of the functional group S=O in the sulfoxide (R1-SO-R2). The absorption peaks found at 815 cm−1 and 738 cm−1 at the end are due to the out-of-plane bending of the =C–H group in the olefin. It can be seen that the matrix asphalt contains aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.
- (2)
- After adding nanoparticles into the matrix asphalt, the peak position of the infrared spectrum of the asphalt changed significantly. The absorption peak of nano-ZnO-modified asphalt gradually weakens and disappears in the range of 1300 cm−1 to 1530 cm−1, indicating that there is a certain amount of strong oxidizing hydroxyl (-OH) on the surface of the surface-treated nano-materials. Under the action of high-speed shear, a certain chemical reaction occurs between the matrix asphalt. The intensity and position of the absorption peaks found at 726 cm−1 and 613 cm−1 at the end changed slightly. The reason may be that nano-ZnO has a certain influence on the out-of-plane swing vibration of CH2 olefins and the in-plane swing of long-chain alkanes CH2 groups. In short, nano-ZnO and matrix asphalt have a certain chemical reaction, but mainly a physical reaction.
- (3)
- On the whole, nano-ZnO/BF composite-modified asphalt has a certain wave number absorption peak band in the range of 3150~3460 cm−1. On the one hand, the CH functional group in the asphalt may have a weak chemical reaction with the composite modifier during the preparation process. On the other hand, it is caused by the stretching vibration of O–H and N–H bonds in the phenolic hydroxyl group. At the wave numbers 815 cm−1 and 726 cm−1, there are moderate stretching vibration peaks, which are mainly caused by the bending vibration of the crystalline long chain (-(CH2)n-, (n ≥ 4)). At the wave number 1035 cm−1, the absorption peak with obvious strength is found. The reason may be the degradation reaction of the polymer chain segment, which leads to the change in the content of the related group C=C, and the C=C group is a conjugated double bond. The value can characterize the mechanical properties of asphalt, which further indicates that nano-ZnO/BF composite-modified asphalt has strong mechanical properties.
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- After adding nano-ZnO and BF to matrix asphalt, the three performance indicators before and after RTFOT aging improved to varying degrees. Compared with nano-ZnO-modified asphalt, the residual ductility ratio, softening point increment, and mass change in nano-ZnO/BF composite-modified asphalt decreased by 1.7%, 0.3 °C and 0.045%, respectively, and the residual penetration ratio increased by 1.7%, indicating that the fiber can reduce the effect of aging on asphalt and further improve its anti-aging performance.
- (2)
- The rutting factor of the three kinds of original asphalt and thermal aging asphalt decreases with the increase in test temperature, and at the same temperature, the G*/sinδ of the three kinds of asphalt from large to small is nano-ZnO/BF composite-modified asphalt > nano-ZnO-modified asphalt > matrix asphalt, indicating that the composite-modified asphalt has the strongest high-temperature deformation resistance. RTFOT aging makes the rutting factor of asphalt larger, which is of great significance to its damage resistance in a high-temperature environment.
- (3)
- The complex modulus of three kinds of original asphalt and aged asphalt increased gradually with the increase in angular frequency, almost linear relationship; nano-ZnO/BF composite-modified asphalt has good deformation resistance in both high-frequency and low-frequency regions, which improves the pavement’s performance from a macro perspective. After short-term aging, the complex modulus of the three kinds of asphalt showed a significant growth trend; that is, aging improved the high-temperature stability of the asphalt.
- (4)
- After adding BF to nano-ZnO-modified asphalt, the S value increases and the m value decreases, that is, nanoparticles can improve the low-temperature creep performance of asphalt to a certain extent, while the low-temperature improvement effect of nano-ZnO/BF composite-modified asphalt is not obvious. The S value of nano-ZnO-modified asphalt and composite-modified asphalt increased by 14.9% and 15.0%, respectively, while the m value decreased by 14.8% and 13.4%, respectively, and the change range of creep rate of modified asphalt decreased at −12 °C. After RTFOT aging, the creep rate of modified asphalt decreased, indicating that the incorporation of modifiers can improve the anti-aging performance of asphalt.
- (5)
- The modified asphalt mixed with nanoparticles and BF increases the viscosity and toughness of the whole structure and forms a three-dimensional network structure, which can effectively improve the performance of the asphalt. It can be seen from the infrared spectrum that nano-ZnO/BF composite-modified asphalt has strong mechanical properties. Nano-ZnO and BF have weak chemical reactions in matrix asphalt, but they are mainly physically dispersed and compatible.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Test Items | Unit | Test Results | Technical Requirements | Test Method | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penetration (25 °C, 100 g, 5 s) | 0.1 mm | 64.8 | 60~80 | T0640 | |
Ductility (5 cm/min, 5 °C) | cm | 13.4 | ≥0 | T0605 | |
Ductility (5 cm/min, 15 °C) | cm | 127.6 | ≥100 | T0650 | |
Softening point (Ring and ball method) | °C | 47.5 | ≥46 | T0606 | |
Flash point | °C | 280 | ≥260 | T0611 | |
Density (25 °C) | g/cm3 | 1.205 | Measured value | T0603 | |
After RTFOT | Quality change | % | −0.264 | −0.8~+0.8 | T0610 |
Penetration ratio | % | 73.5 | ≥61 | T0604 | |
Ductility (5 cm/min, 5 °C) | cm | 11.2 | ≥6 | T0605 | |
Ductility (5 cm/min, 15 °C) | cm | 130.4 | ≥15 | T0605 |
Performance | Appearance | Purity (%) | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Loose Density (g/cm3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nano-ZnO | White powder | 99.6 | 58 | 0.94 |
Performance | Length (mm) | Diameter (μm) | Density (g/cm3) | Fracture Elongation (%) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BF | 6 | 12 | 2.94 | 2.958 | 95 | 3500 |
Asphalt Type | Before RTFOT | After RTFOT | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 °C Penetration (0.1 mm) | 5 °C Ductility (cm) | Softening Point (°C) | Quality (g) | Residual Penetration Ratio (%) | Residual Ductility Ratio (%) | Softening Point Increment (°C) | Quality Loss (%) | |
Matrix asphalt | 64.8 | 13.4 | 47.5 | 49.862 | 73.5 | 83.6 | 6.2 | 0.264 |
Nano-ZnO-modified asphalt | 60.5 | 24.6 | 53.4 | 50.047 | 75.2 | 87.4 | 5.7 | 0.237 |
Nano-ZnO/BF composite-modified asphalt | 52.3 | 21.9 | 57.8 | 50.236 | 76.9 | 85.3 | 5.4 | 0.192 |
Test Temperature (°C) | Fitting Curve Equation | R2 |
---|---|---|
40 | lgG* = 0.9270lgω + 3.3825 | 0.9996 |
52 | lgG* = 0.9608lgω + 2.6847 | 0.9999 |
64 | lgG* = 0.9386lgω + 1.9455 | 0.9987 |
76 | lgG* = 0.9024lgω + 1.3011 | 0.9997 |
88 | lgG* = 0.8793lgω + 0.7813 | 0.9811 |
Test Temperature (°C) | Lgω (Rad/s) | Displacement Factor |
---|---|---|
40 | −0.4126 | 0 |
52 | 0.3282 | −0.7408 |
64 | 1.1235 | −1.5361 |
76 | 1.8826 | −2.2952 |
88 | 2.5233 | −2.9359 |
Types of Modified Asphalt | Test Temperature (°C) | Fitting Curve Equation | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
Nano-ZnO-modified asphalt | 40 | lgG* = 0.8777lgω + 3.8214 | 0.9997 |
52 | lgG* = 0.9193lgω + 3.0539 | 0.9998 | |
64 | lgG* = 0.8956lgω + 2.4102 | 0.9962 | |
76 | lgG* = 0.9389lgω + 1.6799 | 0.9984 | |
88 | lgG* = 0.8419lgω + 1.2662 | 0.9807 | |
Nano-ZnO/BF composite-modified asphalt | 40 | lgG* = 0.8456lgω + 4.1064 | 0.9993 |
52 | lgG* = 0.9108lgω + 3.2771 | 0.9992 | |
64 | lgG* = 0.9404lgω + 2.5598 | 0.9998 | |
76 | lgG* = 0.9220lgω + 2.0145 | 0.9997 | |
88 | lgG* = 0.8827lgω + 1.5499 | 0.9966 |
Types of Modified Asphalt | Test Temperature (°C) | Lgω (Rad/s) | Displacement Factor |
---|---|---|---|
Nano-ZnO-modified asphalt | 40 | −0.9359 | 0 |
52 | −0.0586 | −0.8773 | |
64 | 0.6586 | −1.5945 | |
76 | 1.4060 | −2.3419 | |
88 | 2.0594 | −2.9953 | |
Nano-ZnO/BF composite-modified asphalt | 40 | −1.3084 | 0 |
52 | −0.3042 | −1.0042 | |
64 | 0.4681 | −1.7765 | |
76 | 1.0689 | −2.3773 | |
88 | 1.6428 | −2.9512 |
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Li, C.; Li, Z.; Guo, T.; Chen, Y.; Ma, J.; Wang, J.; Jin, L. Study on the Performance of Nano-Zinc Oxide/Basalt Fiber Composite Modified Asphalt and Mixture. Coatings 2024, 14, 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010023
Li C, Li Z, Guo T, Chen Y, Ma J, Wang J, Jin L. Study on the Performance of Nano-Zinc Oxide/Basalt Fiber Composite Modified Asphalt and Mixture. Coatings. 2024; 14(1):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010023
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Chaojie, Zhenxia Li, Tengteng Guo, Yuanzhao Chen, Junying Ma, Jing Wang, and Lihui Jin. 2024. "Study on the Performance of Nano-Zinc Oxide/Basalt Fiber Composite Modified Asphalt and Mixture" Coatings 14, no. 1: 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010023
APA StyleLi, C., Li, Z., Guo, T., Chen, Y., Ma, J., Wang, J., & Jin, L. (2024). Study on the Performance of Nano-Zinc Oxide/Basalt Fiber Composite Modified Asphalt and Mixture. Coatings, 14(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010023