Enterosorbents Based on Rhubarb Biomass with a Hybrid Polymer-Inorganic Coating for the Immobilization of Azaheterocyclic Mycotoxins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Rhéum Rhabarbarum Preparation
2.3. PRh–Mt and PCt–Mt Preparation
2.4. Rh–Mt and Rhbio–Mt Preparation
2.5. Evaluation of the Rh–Mt and Rhbio–Mt Structure
2.6. Evaluation of the Pectin Structure
2.7. Evaluation of the PRh–Mt and PCt–Mt Structure
2.8. Kinetics of Theophylline Sorption
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Structure and Sorption Properties of the Modified Phytocomposite
3.2. Structure and Sorption Properties of the Hybrid Polymer-Inorganic PRh–Mt Coating
- 1750 cm−1—the valence vibrations of carbonyls in ester groups νas(C=O);
- 1720 cm−1—the vibrations of C=O bonds in non-esterified carboxyl groups;
- 1420 and 1615 cm−1—the symmetric and asymmetric valence vibrations of carboxyl with metal cations νs, νas(C–OMe);
- 1440 cm−1—the deformation asymmetric vibrations in the methoxyl group δas(O–CH3);
- 1400 cm−1—the valence vibrations of the C-OH bond in carboxyl ν(C–OH);
- 1272 and 1223 cm−1—the valence vibrations of ester bond ν(C–O–C);
- 1020–1010 cm−1—the valence vibrations of pyranose rings ν(C–C)(C–O);
- 990 cm−1—the deformation vibrations of carboxyl δ(C–OMe);
- 920 cm−1—the pendular vibrations of methyl in the ester group ρ(O–CH3).
- The total composition of units for the PRh sample at DP = 120 is C24N32M64 and has the distribution [(C3N2)(M8N2)]8. Each macromolecule passes through eight blocks, which are formed by three C-links and between them two links in the N-form. Blocks are separated by branches consisting of eight M-units with two imbedded N-units.
- The total composition of units for the PC sample at DP = 68 is C16N12M40 and the distribution of subunits is [(C2N2)M5+(C2N1)M5)]4. Each macromolecule passes a paired combination of blocks four times, which collectively contain four units in C-form and three units in N-form; that is, they are formed with the participation of a double alternation of C–N units from one chain and a fragmentation of C–N–C from an adjacent chain. The branches between the blocks contain five units in M-form.
- (a)
- During the passage of food in the human duodenum:
- (b)
- During the passage of feed mass in the body of farm animals:
4. Conclusions
5. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Symbol | Preparation |
---|---|
Rh–Mt | hybrid rhubarb–montmorillonite phytocomposites based on the original Rh biomass |
Rhbio–Mt | hybrid rhubarb–montmorillonite phytocomposites based on the biomodified Rh biomass |
PRh | pectin preparation isolated from biomodified Rh biomass |
PCt | commercial citrus pectin preparation (reference sample) |
PRh–Mt | hybrid nanocomposites of the compared pectins from Rh biomass with montmorillonite |
PCt–Mt | hybrid nanocomposites of the compared citrus pectin with montmorillonite |
Ratio of Rh:Mt in the Sample | VP (cm3·g−1) | SA (m2·g−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Rh–Mt | Rhbio–Mt | Rh–Mt | Rhbio–Mt | |
100:0 | 0.019 | 0.070 | 14.0 | 57.2 |
97.5:2.5 | 0.027 | 0.078 | 32.8 | 75.0 |
95:5 | 0.034 | 0.089 | 49.7 | 93.8 |
90:10 | 0.045 | 0.102 | 83.6 | 132.6 |
0:100 | 0.270 | 690.8 |
Sorption Time, t (min) | Quantity of Sorbed Theophylline, qt (mg·g−1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Rh | Rhbio | Rh–Mt (90:10) | Rhbio–Mt (90:10) | |
20 | 0.90 | 18.38 | 8.83 | 39.24 |
30 | 1.44 | 18.92 | 9.91 | 39.52 |
60; (180) | (5.59) | 18.92 | 10.45 | 39.91 |
Pectin | Fractional Content of Galacturonate Units Forms (Units) | ||
---|---|---|---|
PRh | 0.28 | 0.53 | 0.19 |
PCt | 0.15 | 0.65 | 0.20 |
Pectin | Decalcification | [η] ± 0.05 (cm3·g−1) | MP ± 0.1 (kDa) | DP ± 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|
PRh | − | 23.7 | 155.6 | 802 |
+ | 2.3 | 23.3 | 120 | |
PCt | − | 7.4 | 60.7 | 313 |
+ | 1.15 | 13.0 | 68 |
Pectin | qe (mmol·g−1) | pH | Pseudo-First-Order Model | Pseudo-Second-Order Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe* (mmol·g−1) | k1 (min−1) | R2 | qe* (mmol g−1) | k2 (g·mmol−1·min −1) | R2 | |||
PCt | 0.045 | 2 | 0.049 | 0.006 | 0.997 | 0.030 | 0.067 | 0.663 |
0.112 | 5 | 0.118 | 0.052 | 0.803 | 0.116 | 0.119 | 0.992 | |
PRh | 0.100 | 2 | 0.103 | 0.019 | 0.994 | 0.106 | 0.096 | 0.769 |
0.292 | 5 | 0.364 | 0.071 | 0.887 | 0.309 | 0.171 | 0.995 |
Sorbent | qe (mmol·g−1) | pH | Pseudo-First-Order Model | Pseudo-Second-Order Model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qe* (mmol·g−1) | k1 (min−1) | R2 | qe* (mmol·g−1) | k2 (g·mmol−1·min−1) | R2 | |||
Mt | 0.177 | 2 | 0.181 | 0.008 | 0.996 | 0.285 | 0.008 | 0.824 |
0.498 | 5 | 0.504 | 0.030 | 0.992 | 0.862 | 0.022 | 0.841 | |
PCt–Mt (90:10) | 0.058 | 2 | 0.062 | 0.009 | 0.992 | – | – | – |
0.695 | 5 | – | – | – | 0.704 | 0.137 | 0.997 | |
PRh–Mt (90:10) | 0.139 | 2 | 0.141 | 0.036 | 0.995 | – | – | – |
1.685 | 5 | – | – | – | 1.690 | 0.480 | 0.994 |
Sorbent | qe (mmol·g−1) | Pseudo-Second-Order Model | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
qe* (mmol·g−1) | k2 (g·mmol−1·min−1) | R2 | ||
PCt | 0.115 | 0.116 | 0.150 | 0.995 |
PRh | 0.305 | 0.309 | 0.315 | 0.991 |
PCt–Mt (90:10) | 0.701 | 0.704 | 0.137 | 0.997 |
PRh–Mt (90:10) | 1.689 | 1.690 | 0.965 | 0.994 |
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Kornilova, N.; Koksharov, S.; Aleeva, S.; Lepilova, O.; Bikbulatova, A.; Nikiforova, E. Enterosorbents Based on Rhubarb Biomass with a Hybrid Polymer-Inorganic Coating for the Immobilization of Azaheterocyclic Mycotoxins. Coatings 2023, 13, 684. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040684
Kornilova N, Koksharov S, Aleeva S, Lepilova O, Bikbulatova A, Nikiforova E. Enterosorbents Based on Rhubarb Biomass with a Hybrid Polymer-Inorganic Coating for the Immobilization of Azaheterocyclic Mycotoxins. Coatings. 2023; 13(4):684. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040684
Chicago/Turabian StyleKornilova, Nadezhda, Sergey Koksharov, Svetlana Aleeva, Olga Lepilova, Albina Bikbulatova, and Elena Nikiforova. 2023. "Enterosorbents Based on Rhubarb Biomass with a Hybrid Polymer-Inorganic Coating for the Immobilization of Azaheterocyclic Mycotoxins" Coatings 13, no. 4: 684. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040684