Preparation of Visible-Light Active Oxygen-Rich TiO2 Coatings Using Low Pressure Cold Spraying
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of Feedstock Powder
2.2. Spraying of 200, 600 Coatings
2.3. Feedstock Powder and Coatings Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Crystal Structure Analysed Using X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.2. Morphology and Microstructure Analysed Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Supported via Particle Size Analysis and Roughness Measurements
3.3. Optical Properties Analysed Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS)
3.4. Vibrational Characterization Using Raman Spectroscopy
Description | Scheme | Observed Shift (Figure 6) (cm−1) | Reported Shift (Literature Data) (cm−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FP | 200 | 600 | |||
Anatase Eg mode (symmetric stretching vibration of O–Ti–O) | 148 | 147 [50] | |||
O–O vibration involving three- and four-coordinate oxygen | 172 | 194 | 194 | 160–240 [62] | |
Anatase Eg mode (symmetric stretching vibration of O–Ti–O) | 198 [50] | ||||
Ti–OH vibration | 283 | 283 | 274 291 | 282 [41] 284 [40] | |
Oxygen vacancy (vO) (consequence of lack of oxygen) | 283 [52] 286 [39] | ||||
Ti–O bending and stretching vibration involving two-fold oxygen (X—unspecified atom) | ~382 | 388 | 380 [55] * | ||
Anatase B1g mode (anti-symmetric bending vibration of O–Ti–O) | ~400 | 400 | 398 [50] 400–425 [63] | ||
Ti–O bending vibration involving three-fold oxygen (consequence of lack of oxygen) | 450 | 455 | 440 [55] * 440 [61] | ||
Anatase A1g, B1g mode (symmetrcic and anti-symmetric bending vibration of O–Ti–O) | 525 | 507, 519 [50] | |||
Ti–O2 symmetric stretching vibration of triangular peroxy titanyl group | 531 | 524 | 524–529 [52] | ||
Anatase Eg mode (symmetric stretching vibration of O–Ti–O) | 639 | 626–640 [63] 640 [50] | |||
Ti–O–O stretching vibration (representing peroxo, superoxo or intermediate groups) | 686 | 700 | ~700 | 667 [54] | |
O–O stretching vibration of coordinated peroxide (O22−) species in triangular peroxy titanyl group | 913 | ~903 | ~900 | 860–900 [57] 910–914 [52] 916 [39] | |
Ti-O2 band vibration in triangular peroxy titanyl group | 1050 | 1050 | 1050 | 1050 [53] | |
O2− superoxide vibration | 1152 | 1145 | 1124–1148 [58] | ||
O–O vibration in H2O2 | 1347 | 1347 [64] 1385 [59] | |||
O–O stretching vibration in O2 (molecular oxygen) | 1552 | 1552 [59] | |||
OH bending vibration or scissoring of the chemisorbed and/or physisorbed water | 1637 | 1620 | 1625 | 1630 [60] | |
Precursor residuals vibration | 2317 | 2309 | 2320 | 2335 [54] | |
OH stretching vibration of hydroxyl groups from adsorbed water | ~3165 | 3166 | 3171 | 3050–3150 [59] | |
OH stretching vibration of H-bounded hydroxyl groups | 3332 | 3340 | 3315 | 3150–3500 [59] | |
OH stretching and bending vibration of surface mixed hydroxyl groups | 3466 | 3448 | 3457 | 3400–3600 [59] |
3.5. Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity via Photobleaching of Methylene Blue
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Phase Composition | Thickness [µm] | Bandgap [eV] | Coating Mass ** [mg] | MB Adsorption in DARK [%] | MB Degradation in VIS [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
200 | Amorphous | 2–3 | 2.83 | <1 *** | negligible | 3.1 |
600 | Amorphous-anatase | 25–50 | 3.09 | 35 ± 9 | 3.95 | 17.2 |
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Gibas, A.; Baszczuk, A.; Jasiorski, M.; Winnicki, M.; Ociński, D. Preparation of Visible-Light Active Oxygen-Rich TiO2 Coatings Using Low Pressure Cold Spraying. Coatings 2022, 12, 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040475
Gibas A, Baszczuk A, Jasiorski M, Winnicki M, Ociński D. Preparation of Visible-Light Active Oxygen-Rich TiO2 Coatings Using Low Pressure Cold Spraying. Coatings. 2022; 12(4):475. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040475
Chicago/Turabian StyleGibas, Anna, Agnieszka Baszczuk, Marek Jasiorski, Marcin Winnicki, and Daniel Ociński. 2022. "Preparation of Visible-Light Active Oxygen-Rich TiO2 Coatings Using Low Pressure Cold Spraying" Coatings 12, no. 4: 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040475