Nanosecond-Pulse Laser Assisted Cold Spraying of Al–Cu Aluminum Alloy
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure and Analysis Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructures
3.2. Defects
3.3. Mechanical Properties
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Ma, C.; Chen, L.; Cao, C.; Li, X. Nanoparticle-induced unusual melting and solidification behaviours of metals. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 14178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Talbot, D.E. The Effects of Hydrogen in Aluminium and Its Alloys; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2004. [Google Scholar]
- Soysal, T.; Kou, S. Role of liquid backfilling in reducing solidification cracking in aluminium welds. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 2020, 25, 415–421. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Assadi, H.; Kreye, H.; Gärtner, F.; Klassen, T. Cold spraying—A materials perspective. Acta Mater. 2016, 116, 382–407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dykhuizen, R.C.; Smith, M.F. Gas dynamic principles of cold spray. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 1998, 7, 205–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schmidt, T.; Gärtner, F.; Assadi, H.; Kreye, H. Development of a generalized parameter window for cold spray deposition. Acta Mater. 2006, 54, 729–742. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kromer, R.; Danlos, Y.; Aubignat, E.; Verdy, C.; Costil, S. Coating deposition and adhesion enhancements by laser surface tex-turing—metallic particles on different classes of substrates in cold spraying process. Mater. Manuf. Process. 2017, 32, 1642–1652. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Assadi, H.; Gärtner, F.; Stoltenhoff, T.; Kreye, H. Bonding mechanism in cold gas spraying. Acta Mater. 2003, 51, 4379–4394. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yin, S.; Cavaliere, P.; Aldwell, B.; Jenkins, R.; Liao, H.; Li, W.; Lupoi, R. Cold spray additive manufacturing and repair: Fundamentals and applications. Addit. Manuf. 2018, 21, 628–650. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gärtner, F.; Stoltenhoff, T.; Schmidt, T.; Kreye, H. The cold spray process and its potential for industrial applications. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 2006, 15, 223–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bray, M.; Cockburn, A.; O’Neill, W. The laser-assisted cold spray process and deposit characterisation. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2009, 203, 2851–2857. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barton, D.J.; Bhattiprolu, V.S.; Thompson, G.B.; Brewer, L. Laser assisted cold spray of AISI 4340 steel. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2020, 400, 126218. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, B.; Yao, J.; Zhang, Q.; Li, Z.; Yang, L. Microstructure and tribological performance of tungsten carbide reinforced stainless steel composite coatings by supersonic laser deposition. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2015, 275, 58–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Torrisi, L.; Gammino, S.; Andò, L.; Nassisi, V.; Doria, D.; Pedone, A. Comparison of nanosecond laser ablation at 1064 and 308 nm wavelength. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2003, 210, 262–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chichkov, B.N.; Momma, C.; Nolte, S.; von Alvensleben, F.; Tünnermann, A. Femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond laser ablation of solids. Appl. Phys. A 1996, 63, 109–115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Danlos, Y.; Costil, S.; Guo, X.; Liao, H.; Coddet, C. Ablation laser and heating laser combined to cold spraying. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2010, 205, 1055–1059. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, H.; Shin, H.; Lee, S.; Ko, K. Effect of gas pressure on Al coatings by cold gas dynamic spray. Mater. Lett. 2008, 62, 1579–1581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
No. | Laser Pulse Frequency KHz | Laser Pulse Width ns | Scanning Speed mm/s | Hatching Space mm | Gas Pressure PSI | Gas Temperature °C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
1 | 150 | 100 | 500 | 0.05 | 250 | 325 |
2 | 100 | 100 | 300 | 0.05 | ||
3 | 100 | 300 | 500 | 0.05 | ||
4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0.05 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Zhang, C.; Zhang, D.; Luo, C.; Peng, W.; Zang, X. Nanosecond-Pulse Laser Assisted Cold Spraying of Al–Cu Aluminum Alloy. Coatings 2021, 11, 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030267
Zhang C, Zhang D, Luo C, Peng W, Zang X. Nanosecond-Pulse Laser Assisted Cold Spraying of Al–Cu Aluminum Alloy. Coatings. 2021; 11(3):267. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030267
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Chen, Dongbin Zhang, Can Luo, Weiping Peng, and Xusheng Zang. 2021. "Nanosecond-Pulse Laser Assisted Cold Spraying of Al–Cu Aluminum Alloy" Coatings 11, no. 3: 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030267
APA StyleZhang, C., Zhang, D., Luo, C., Peng, W., & Zang, X. (2021). Nanosecond-Pulse Laser Assisted Cold Spraying of Al–Cu Aluminum Alloy. Coatings, 11(3), 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030267