Development and Application of Skid Resistance Fog Seal for Pavements
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Test Plan
2.1. Raw Materials
2.1.1. Skid Resistance Fog Seal Material
- Water-Based Epoxy Emulsified Asphalt
- Skid Resistance Particles
2.1.2. Asphalt Mixture Asphalt Content: 4.9%
2.2. Experiment Method
2.2.1. Bonding Performance Test
2.2.2. Penetration Test
2.2.3. Aging Resistance Test
2.2.4. Skid Resistance Test
2.2.5. Wear Resistance Test
2.2.6. Water Seepage Test
2.3. Development Process
- Preparation process of the skid resistance fog seal: the skid resistance fog seal was prepared after a certain process (Figure 10).
- Skid resistance fog seal development and performance verification process: this research focuses on the development and application of a skid resistance fog seal. First, a skid resistance fog seal with water-based epoxy emulsified asphalt and anti-slip particles is preferable. Second, the performance of the fog seal from the aspects of bond performance, permeability, and aging resistance was verified. Finally, the application research of the skid resistance fog seal was conducted from the two aspects of road performance and construction technology. Figure 11 illustrates the relevant flow chart. The preparation process of the skid resistance fog seal are as follows: (1) Add emulsion (Emulsion A:Emulsion B = 2:1) into E-44 epoxy resin to get waterborne epoxy resin emulsion. (2) Add waterborne curing agent waterborne epoxy resin emulsion and into emulsified asphalt to get water-based epoxy emulsified asphalt. (3) Add skid resistance particles into water-based epoxy emulsified asphalt to get skid resistance fog seal.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Development of the Skid Resistance Fog Seal
3.1.1. Fog Seal
- Permeability
- Bond Performance
- Aging Resistance
- Level I: no changes are found on the surface of the cured product. Only small bubbles appear;
- Level II: aging refers to the occurrence of surface sagging and appearance of small folds or bubbles;
- Level III: more bubbles appear on the surface of the cured product, and creases occur;
- Level IV: the surface of the cured product develops folds into larger cracks, local fractures, etc.
3.1.2. Skid Resistance Fog Seal
3.2. Evaluation of the Fog Seal Performance
3.2.1. Evaluation of the Bond Performance
3.2.2. Evaluation of the Permeability
3.2.3. Evaluation of the Aging Resistance
3.3. Application Research of the Skid Resistance Fog Seal
3.3.1. Road Performance of the Skid Resistance Fog Seal
- Skid Resistance
- Wear Resistance
- Water Sealing Performance
3.3.2. Influence of the Construction Technology on the Fog Seal
4. Conclusions
- The fog seal layer (A80E2) was developed by studying the permeability, bond performance, and aging resistance of the fog seal. The effect of the type and amount of skid resistance particles on the skid and wear resistance of the fog seal was studied to develop the skid resistance fog seal in this work;
- The self-made fog seal (i.e., HPFA) was compared with the remaining three fog seals in terms of the bond performance, permeability, and aging resistance. The results showed that the HPFA had the best bonding strength of up to 0.77 MPa, an excellent permeability (permeability rate: up to 1.29 cm/min), and a good aging resistance (mass loss rate after 48 h UV aging: 3.93%; aging level: Level I);
- The skid resistance fog seal showed an excellent road performance. After 100,000 instances of abrasion, the fog seal exhibited excellent skid resistance (54 BPN), good wear resistance (mass loss rate: 58.8%), and good water sealing capability (i.e., 0.6 kg/m2 can completely seal the water);
- The skid resistance fog seal constructed by the premix process demonstrated the best skid resistance performance and wear resistance, providing a reference for the fog seal construction.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | Technical Properties |
---|---|
E-44 Epoxy Resin | Epoxy equivalent: 232.8; thermal expansion coefficient (%): 6.5–10.2; volatile matter (%): 1.0 |
Emulsion A | HLB: 14.1; PH (25 °C): 6.9 |
Emulsion B | HLB: 15.6; PH (25 °C): 7.3 |
BE-4 Emulsified Asphalt | Emulsification velocity: slow crack; particle charge: +; penetration (100 g, 25 °C, 5 s) (0.1 mm): 89; ductility (15 °C) (cm): >100; Storage stability (25 °C, 5 days) (%): 2.9 |
Water-Based Curing Agent | Content of effective elements (%): 50.0 ± 1.0; Density (g/cm3): 1.096; Viscosity (mPa·s): 5000–20,000 |
Materials | Technical Properties |
---|---|
Basalt Sand | Crushing value (%): 17.99; apparent density (g/cm3): 2.70; water content (%): 0.3 |
River Sand | Crushing value (%): 11.09; apparent density (g/cm3): 2.50; water content (%): 0.4 |
Emery Sand | Crushing value (%): 14.62; apparent density (g/cm3): 3.59; water content (%): 0.6 |
Mixture Type | Synthetic Mass Ratio (%) of the Following Particle Size (mm) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 | 13.2 | 9.5 | 4.75 | 2.36 | 1.18 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.075 | |
AC-13 | 99.9 | 92.9 | 81.4 | 55.3 | 37.5 | 25.1 | 17.4 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 6.1 |
SMA-13 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 63.0 | 30.5 | 25.0 | 18.2 | 15.3 | 12.7 | 10.1 | 8.1 |
Curing Agent Content (%) | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fog Seal | H100 | H90E2 | H80E2 | H70E2 | H60E2 | H50E2 |
Permeability Time (min) | 0.69 | 1.18 | 2.98 | 7.38 | 15 | >15 |
Permeation Speed (cm/min) | 2.38 | 1.42 | 0.55 | 0.21 | 0.09 | <0.07 |
Aging Level | Species |
---|---|
Level-I | H90E2; H90E3; H90E4; H80E2 |
Level-II | H80E3; H70E3; H60E2; H80E4 |
Level-III | H60E3; H70E4; H60E4; H50E2; H50E4 |
Level-IV | H70E2; H50E3 |
Materials | HPFA | SBS-Modified Emulsified Asphalt | Common Fog Seal | BE-4 Emulsified Asphalt |
---|---|---|---|---|
Permeability Time (min) | 1.14 | 6.52 | 1.97 | 0.69 |
Permeation Speed (cm/min) | 1.29 | 0.16 | 0.35 | 2.38 |
Fog Seal Material | HPFA | SBS-Modified Emulsified Asphalt | Common Fog Seal | BE-4 Emulsified Asphalt |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mass Loss Rate (%) | 3.93 | 5.70 | 6.55 | 4.36 |
Aging Rating | Level-I | Level-II | Level-III | Level-IV |
Appearance after Aging | | | | |
Dosage (kg/m2) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass Loss Rate (%) | HPFA | 75.3 | 66.3 | 58.9 | 58.8 | 62.5 |
SBS-Modified Emulsified Asphalt | 73.7 | 70.0 | 61.3 | 66.6 | 73.5 | |
BE-4 Emulsified Asphalt | 75.1 | 67.3 | 60.8 | 62.7 | 65.1 | |
Common Fog Seal | 70.2 | 60.4 | 59.8 | 64.9 | 74.4 |
Dosage (kg/m2) | 0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HPFA | 96 | 28 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
BE-4 Emulsified Asphalt | 96 | 42 | 20 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
SBS-Modified Emulsified Asphalt | 96 | 33 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Common Fog Seal | 96 | 31 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Share and Cite
Jiang, Y.; Yi, Y.; Tian, T.; Fan, J.; Yuan, K.; Deng, C.; Xue, J. Development and Application of Skid Resistance Fog Seal for Pavements. Coatings 2020, 10, 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090867
Jiang Y, Yi Y, Tian T, Fan J, Yuan K, Deng C, Xue J. Development and Application of Skid Resistance Fog Seal for Pavements. Coatings. 2020; 10(9):867. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090867
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Yingjun, Yong Yi, Tian Tian, Jiangtao Fan, Kejia Yuan, Changqing Deng, and Jinshun Xue. 2020. "Development and Application of Skid Resistance Fog Seal for Pavements" Coatings 10, no. 9: 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090867
APA StyleJiang, Y., Yi, Y., Tian, T., Fan, J., Yuan, K., Deng, C., & Xue, J. (2020). Development and Application of Skid Resistance Fog Seal for Pavements. Coatings, 10(9), 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090867