Synergies with and Resistance to Membrane-Active Peptides
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Defining Antimicrobial Synergy and Resistance
2.1. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Assays
2.2. Antimicrobial Activity Assays
3. Synergy and Resistance to MAPs
3.1. Outside of the Cell
3.2. In the Cell Wall and Outer Membrane
3.3. At the Cell Membrane
3.4. At the Point of Removal and/or Efflux
4. Examples of Natural Synergies
4.1. Peptides and Mixtures
4.2. Peptide Prodrugs Susceptible to Proteolytic Enzymes
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peptide | Sequence |
---|---|
Melittin | GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ |
Pixiganan | GIGKFLKKAKKFGKAFVKILKK |
CAP18 | GLRKRLRKFRNKIKEKLKKIGQKIQGLLPKLAPRTDY |
LL-37 | LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES |
K5L7 | KLLLKLKLKLLK |
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Kmeck, A.; Tancer, R.J.; Ventura, C.R.; Wiedman, G.R. Synergies with and Resistance to Membrane-Active Peptides. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 620. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090620
Kmeck A, Tancer RJ, Ventura CR, Wiedman GR. Synergies with and Resistance to Membrane-Active Peptides. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(9):620. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090620
Chicago/Turabian StyleKmeck, Adam, Robert J. Tancer, Cristina R. Ventura, and Gregory R. Wiedman. 2020. "Synergies with and Resistance to Membrane-Active Peptides" Antibiotics 9, no. 9: 620. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090620