Synergy of the Bacteriocin AS-48 and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Enterococci
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation and Characterization of Uropathogenic Enterococcal Strains
2.2. Determination of Virulence Factors in the Clinical Isolates
2.3. Antibiotic Sensitivity of the Clinical Isolates
2.4. Broth Microdilution MIC Determination
2.5. Synergy between AS-48 and Antibiotics of Clinical Use
2.5.1. Combination of AS-48 and Vancomycin
2.5.2. Combination of AS-48 and Gentamicin
2.5.3. Combination of AS-48 and Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Isolation of Clinical Bacterial Strains and Growth Conditions
4.2. Genotyping and Molecular Identification
4.2.1. RAPD
4.2.2. Species Identification
4.3. Purification of the Bacteriocin AS-48
4.4. Determination of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
4.5. Determination of the Synergy between AS-48 and Antibiotics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genotype | No. Strains | % of Strains | Total % of Strains |
---|---|---|---|
gelE | 1 | 1.72 | 6.89 (1) a |
hyl | 1 | 1.72 | |
asa1 | 1 | 1.72 | |
efaA | 1 | 1.72 | |
gelE + ace | 1 | 1.72 | 19.96 (2) a |
gelE + efaA | 6 | 10.34 | |
asa1 + esp | 3 | 5.17 | |
esp + efaA | 1 | 1.72 | |
gelE + hyl + efaA | 1 | 1.72 | 27.58 (3) a |
gelE + asa1 + efaA | 9 | 15.52 | |
gelE + esp + efaA | 2 | 3.45 | |
gelE + ace + efaA | 2 | 3.45 | |
asa1 + esp + efaA | 1 | 1.72 | |
asa1 + ace + efaA | 1 | 1.72 | |
gelE + asa1 + esp + efaA | 6 | 10.34 | 27.58 (4) a |
gelE + asa1 + cylA + efaA | 2 | 3.45 | |
gelE + asa1 + ace + efA | 5 | 8.62 | |
gelE + esp + ace + efaA | 2 | 3.45 | |
asa1 + cylA + ace + efaA | 1 | 1.72 | |
asa1 + esp + cy l+ ace + efaA | 1 | 1.72 | 13.79 (5) a |
gelE + asa1 + esp + ace + efaA | 5 | 8.62 | |
gelE + asa1 + cylA + ace + efaA | 2 | 3.45 | |
gelE + asa1 + esp + cylA + ace + efaA | 3 | 5.17 | 5.17 (6) a |
MIC (mg/L) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
AS-48 | Van | Gent | Amo/Cla | |
E. gallinarum C86 | 10 | 7.8 | 1.5 | 2.7 |
E. casseliflavus C85 | 10 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
E. durans AR23 | 8.7 | >500 | 2 | 0.7 |
E. faecium C135 | 8.7 | 20.8 | >128 | 0.3 |
E. faecium AR1 | 4.4 | >500 | 5 | 10.9 |
E. faecium G8 | 14 | >500 | 4 | 2.7 |
E. faecium LMG11423 | 21 | 1.6 | 8 | 1.4 |
E. faecalis LMG08222 | 5.2 | 3.9 | 4 | 1.4 |
E. faecalis LMG16216 | 21 | 12 | >128 | 0.7 |
E. faecalis LMG16003 | 7 | 125 | 6 | 1.4 |
E. faecalis G74 | 10.5 | 31.3 | >128 | 0.7 |
Strain | VanR Gen | Van (1) | AS-48 (1) | Van (2) | AS-48 (2) | FICI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U-666 | - | 3.91 | 5.67 | 4.7 | 0.02 | 1.21 |
U-1055 | - | 3.91 | 3.78 | 3.9 | 4.25 | 2.12 |
U-1641 | - | 3.91 | 3.78 | 3.9 | 4.25 | 2.12 |
U-230 | - | 3.91 | 2.83 | 1.95 | 4.25 | 2 |
481467 | - | 7.81 | 2.83 | 3.9 | 0.27 | 0.59 |
47374 | - | 4.56 | 3.54 | 0.03 | 1.05 | 0.3 |
481413 | - | 2.6 | 4.25 | 0.03 | 2.1 | 0.51 |
49324 | - | 3.91 | 2.83 | 0.03 | 2.1 | 0.75 |
49768 | - | 3.91 | 2.83 | 3.9 | 1.45 | 1.51 |
49785 | - | 2.6 | 4.25 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 0.13 |
49890 | - | 2.6 | 4.25 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 0.13 |
491698 | - | 3.26 | 7.08 | 0.03 | 1 | 0.15 |
E. gallinarum C86 | vanC1 | 7.8 | 10 | 0.97 | 1.3 | 0.25 |
E. casseliflavus C85 | vanC2 | 1.9 | 10 | 0.48 | 0.16 | 0.27 |
E. durans AR23 | vanA | >500 | 8.7 | 62.5 | 1.3 | <0.27 * |
E. faecium C135 | vanB | 20.8 | 8.7 | 1.9 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
E. faecium AR1 | vanA | >500 | 4.4 | 250 | 0.65 | <0.65 * |
E. faecium G8 | vanA | >500 | 14 | 31 | 0.32 | <0.08 * |
E. faecium LMG11423 | ND | 1.6 | 21 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.09 |
E. faecalis G74 | vanB | 31.3 | 10.5 | 15.1 | 0.32 | 0.51 |
E. faecalis LMG08222 | ND | 3.9 | 5.2 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.09 |
E. faecalis LMG16216 | vanB | 12 | 21 | 0.97 | 0.65 | 0.11 |
E. faecalis LMG16003 | ND | 125 | 7 | 7.8 | 0.04 | 0.07 |
Strains | Gent (1) | AS-48 (1) | Gent (2) | AS-48 (2) | FICI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
U-1688 | 128 | 3.15 | 0.25 | 3.15 | 1 |
U-1593 | 128 | 1.9 | 0.25 | 1.9 | 1 |
U-1641 | 128 | 3.8 | 0.25 | 3.8 | 1 |
U-230 | 128 | 2.83 | 0.5 | 2.83 | 1 |
U-1839 | 128 | 4.25 | 0.25 | 4.25 | 1 |
U-814 | 128 | 1.89 | 128 | 1.89 | 2 |
U-1846 | 128 | 1.89 | 64 | 1.89 | 1.51 |
481609 | 128 | 4.25 | 32 | 1.06 | 0.5 |
491284 | 128 | 2.5 | 0.25 | 2.5 | 1 |
49785 | 128 | 4.25 | 16 | 1.15 | 0.4 |
E. faecium C135 | 128 | 20.8 | 8 | 2.6 | 0.19 |
E. faecalis G74 | 128 | 31.3 | 0.25 | 3.9 | 0.13 |
E. faecalis LMG16216 | 128 | 21 | 2 | 10.5 | 0.52 |
Strain | Amo/Cla (1) | AS-48 (1) | Amo/Cla (2) | AS-48 (2) | FICI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sb-7 | 10.9 | 1.9 | 0.01 | 1.9 | 1 |
47391 | 10.93 | 3.54 | 5.47 | 3.5 | 1.49 |
491802 | 136.71 | 2.12 | 17 | 0.25 | 0.24 |
E. faecium AR1 | 10.9 | 4.4 | 0.09 | 0.34 | 0.09 |
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Montalbán-López, M.; Cebrián, R.; Galera, R.; Mingorance, L.; Martín-Platero, A.M.; Valdivia, E.; Martínez-Bueno, M.; Maqueda, M. Synergy of the Bacteriocin AS-48 and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Enterococci. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090567
Montalbán-López M, Cebrián R, Galera R, Mingorance L, Martín-Platero AM, Valdivia E, Martínez-Bueno M, Maqueda M. Synergy of the Bacteriocin AS-48 and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Enterococci. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(9):567. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090567
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontalbán-López, Manuel, Rubén Cebrián, Rosa Galera, Lidia Mingorance, Antonio M. Martín-Platero, Eva Valdivia, Manuel Martínez-Bueno, and Mercedes Maqueda. 2020. "Synergy of the Bacteriocin AS-48 and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Enterococci" Antibiotics 9, no. 9: 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090567