Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Associated with Granulomatous Colitis of Boxer Dogs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. GC E. coli are Diverse in Genotype, Phylogroup, and Serotype
2.2. HC E. coli Cluster with UPEC
2.3. E. coli from GC and HC Resemble ExPEC and AIEC in Gene Content
2.4. E. coli from GC and HC Invade Caco-2 Epithelial Cells and Survive in J774 Macrophages
2.5. AIEC are Prevalent in GC and HC
2.6. E. coli Motility Correlates with Invasion of Caco-2 Epithelial Cells but Not Survival in J774 Macrophages
2.7. GC AIEC KD2 Can Replicate in MDMs from GC but Not HC
2.8. Fluoroquinolone Resistant E. coli (FQ-R) are Less Motile and Invasive than FQ-S
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals and Isolation of Bacterial Strains
4.2. Molecular Characterization of E. coli
4.3. Multilocus Sequence Typing
4.4. Invasion and Persistence in Cultured Cells
4.5. Ability of AIEC to Replicate in MDMs from GC and HC
4.6. Motility
4.7. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
4.8. Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH)
4.9. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Function | Genes | Disease | Pathotype # | Fluoroquinolone Resistance | Phylogroup | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GC (n = 36) | Healthy (n = 33) | AIEC (n = 24) | non-AIEC (n = 23) | S (n = 25) | R (n = 11) | A (n = 10) | B1 (n = 23) | B2 (n = 20) | D (n = 16) | ||
Adhesins | lpfA141 | 17 | 15 | 25 | 13 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 25 | 0 |
lpfA154 | 44 | 45 | 58 | 52 | 36 | 64 | 0 | 100 | 5 | 44 | |
lpfA | 50 | 55 | 67 | 57 | 44 | 64 | 0 | 100 | 30 | 44 | |
afaBC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
sfaDE | 6 | 33 * | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 0 | |
papC | 6 | 33 * | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 0 | |
focG | 3 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 | |
Toxins | sta | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
stb | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
stx1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
stx2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
cnf1 | 6 | 36 * | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 65 | 0 | |
Iron acquisition | chuA | 42 | 64 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |
fyuA | 44 | 48 | 29 | 30 | 36 | 64 | 30 | 13 | 95 | 44 | |
aer | 17 | 3 | 7 | 19 | 8 | 36 | 20 | 4 | 5 | 19 | |
Secretion systems (II, IV, VI) | gsp | 72 | 64 | 63 | 78 | 72 | 82 | 40 | 70 | 55 | 75 |
traC | 56 | 91 * | 63 | 74 | 48 | 73 | 70 | 70 | 75 | 75 | |
hcp | 58 | 45 | 63 | 57 | 60 | 55 | 80 | 83 | 5 | 50 | |
Various functions | pduC | 19 | 36 | 33 | 43 | 20 | 18 | 10 | 30 | 30 | 31 |
kpsMII | 22 | 33 | 21 | 30 | 24 | 18 | 10 | 0 | 50 | 50 | |
iss | 6 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 6 | |
malX | 28 | 45 | 17 | 22 | 28 | 27 | 10 | 0 | 95 | 31 | |
eae | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |
ibeA | 3 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 0 | |
ratA | 22 | 55 * | 21 | 26 | 16 | 36 | 10 | 0 | 85 | 50 | |
pmt1 | 3 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 5 | 6 | |
colV | 22 | 45 | 21 | 17 | 28 | 9 | 10 | 0 | 90 | 25 |
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Dogan, B.; Zhang, S.; Kalla, S.E.; Dogan, E.I.; Guo, C.; Ang, C.R.; Simpson, K.W. Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Associated with Granulomatous Colitis of Boxer Dogs. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 540. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090540
Dogan B, Zhang S, Kalla SE, Dogan EI, Guo C, Ang CR, Simpson KW. Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Associated with Granulomatous Colitis of Boxer Dogs. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(9):540. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090540
Chicago/Turabian StyleDogan, Belgin, Shiying Zhang, Sarah E. Kalla, Esra I. Dogan, Cindy Guo, Chelston R. Ang, and Kenneth W. Simpson. 2020. "Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Associated with Granulomatous Colitis of Boxer Dogs" Antibiotics 9, no. 9: 540. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090540