Simplifying Antibiotic Management of Peritonitis in APD: Evidence from a Non-Inferiority Randomized Trial
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Participants
4.3. Sample Size
4.4. Data Collection
4.5. Intervention
4.6. Outcome
4.7. Laboratory Methods
4.8. Statistical Analysis
4.9. Ethical Considerations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
APD | Automated Peritoneal Dialysis |
IMSS | Mexican Institute of Social Security (Spanish acronym) |
CAPD | Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis |
CCPD | Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis |
CNIC | National Committee of Ethics in Health Research (Spanish acronym) |
CONSORT | Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials |
SPIRIT | Recommendations for Interventional Trials |
References
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Characteristic | Intervention Group | Control Group | |
---|---|---|---|
APD Bags | Manual Exchange/Day +APD | ||
Age (years) | 47.4 ± 14.6 | 51.5 ± 16.9 | 0.285 |
Gender | |||
Female | 10 (31.3) | 7 (21.9) | 0.571 |
Male | 22 (68.7) | 25 (78.1) | |
Body Mass Index | 26.6 ± 4.9 | 27.9 ± 6.0 | 0.676 |
Erythropoietin, weekly dose (IU) | 10,843 ± 5548 | 9437 ± 5593 | 0.194 |
PD, length of (months) | 36.0 ± 32.9 | 30.3 ± 24.8 | 0.747 |
APD modality | |||
CCPD | 29 (90.6) | 30 (93.8) | 0.641 |
INPD | 3 (9.4) | 2 (6.3) | |
APD per day, duration (hours) | 9.5 ± 0.6 | 9.6 ± 0.5 | 0.972 |
Exchanges per day (number) | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 0.954 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 112.1 ± 45.3 | 118.3 ± 47.9 | 0.642 |
Leukocyte count in blood (×109/L) | 11.4 ± 3.2 | 11.8 ± 3.5 | 0.684 |
Leucocyte count in dialysis fluid (×109/L) | 2050 ± 720 | 2180 ± 760 | 0.538 |
PMN in dialysis fluid (%) | 84.5 ± 6.2 | 85.1 ± 5.9 | 0.712 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 9.2 ± 2.4 | 9.0 ± 2.6 | 0.743 |
Isolated pathogen | |||
Staphylococcus aureus | 3 (9.4) | 10 (31.3) | 0.027 |
Enterobacter cloacae | 6 (18.8) | 6 (18.8) | 1.000 |
Staphylococcus epidermidis | 6 (18.8) | 1 (3.1) | 0.107 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 2 (6.3) | 3 (9.4) | 0.640 |
Escherichia colli | 2 (6.3) | 2 (6.3) | 1.000 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 2 (6.3) | 1 (3.1) | 0.554 |
Citrobacter freundii | 1 (3.1) | 1 (3.1) | 1.000 |
Serratia marcescens | 1 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 0.313 |
Achromobacter xylosoxidans | 1 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 0.313 |
Candida spp. | 1 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 0.313 |
Other | 7 (21.9) | 8 (25.0) | 0.774 |
Personal history of | |||
Tobacco use (yes) | 18 (56.3) | 20 (62.5) | 0.611 |
Alcohol consumption (yes) | 22 (68.8) | 24 (75.0) | 0.578 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (yes) | 15 (46.9) | 21 (65.6) | 0.131 |
Diabetic foot (yes) | 4 (12.5) | 8 (25.0) | 0.200 |
Diabetic retinopathy | 10 (31.3) | 12 (37.5) | 0.599 |
Arterial hypertension (yes) | 31 (96.9) | 31 (96.9) | 1.000 |
Ischemic heart disease (yes) | 3 (9.4) | 4 (12.5) | 0.120 |
Stroke (yes) | 3 (9.4) | 1 (3.1) | 0.302 |
Venous thrombosis (yes) | 2 (6.3) | 1 (3.1) | 0.554 |
Hypertriglyceridemia (yes) | 19 (55.9) | 15 (46.9) | 0.316 |
Hypercholesterolemia (yes) | 16 (50.0) | 16 (50.0) | 1.000 |
Hyperuricemia (yes) | 9 (28.1) | 8 (25.0) | 0.777 |
Cataract (yes) | 16 (50.0) | 11 (34.4) | 0.206 |
Anemia (yes) | 29 (90.6) | 29 (90.6) | 1.000 |
Catheter insertion site infection (yes) | 8 (25.0) | 6 (18.8) | 0.545 |
Previous peritonitis episode (yes) | 20 (62.5) | 17 (53.1) | 0.448 |
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Venegas-Ramírez, J.; Trujillo-Hernández, B.; Castillón-Flores, C.C.; Landín-Herrera, F.J.; Herrera-Oliva, E.; Calvo-Soto, P.; Tapia-Vargas, R.; Figueroa-Gutiérrez, A.; Ríos-Bracamontes, E.F.; Espinoza-Mejía, K.E.; et al. Simplifying Antibiotic Management of Peritonitis in APD: Evidence from a Non-Inferiority Randomized Trial. Antibiotics 2025, 14, 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14080747
Venegas-Ramírez J, Trujillo-Hernández B, Castillón-Flores CC, Landín-Herrera FJ, Herrera-Oliva E, Calvo-Soto P, Tapia-Vargas R, Figueroa-Gutiérrez A, Ríos-Bracamontes EF, Espinoza-Mejía KE, et al. Simplifying Antibiotic Management of Peritonitis in APD: Evidence from a Non-Inferiority Randomized Trial. Antibiotics. 2025; 14(8):747. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14080747
Chicago/Turabian StyleVenegas-Ramírez, Jesús, Benjamín Trujillo-Hernández, Carmen Citlalli Castillón-Flores, Fernanda Janine Landín-Herrera, Erika Herrera-Oliva, Patricia Calvo-Soto, Rosa Tapia-Vargas, Alejandro Figueroa-Gutiérrez, Eder Fernando Ríos-Bracamontes, Karina Esmeralda Espinoza-Mejía, and et al. 2025. "Simplifying Antibiotic Management of Peritonitis in APD: Evidence from a Non-Inferiority Randomized Trial" Antibiotics 14, no. 8: 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14080747
APA StyleVenegas-Ramírez, J., Trujillo-Hernández, B., Castillón-Flores, C. C., Landín-Herrera, F. J., Herrera-Oliva, E., Calvo-Soto, P., Tapia-Vargas, R., Figueroa-Gutiérrez, A., Ríos-Bracamontes, E. F., Espinoza-Mejía, K. E., Jiménez-Vieyra, I. A., Bermúdez-Aceves, L. A., Ávila-Flores, B. J., & Murillo-Zamora, E. (2025). Simplifying Antibiotic Management of Peritonitis in APD: Evidence from a Non-Inferiority Randomized Trial. Antibiotics, 14(8), 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14080747