Unlocking the Skin-Protective Effects of Ferulago spp. Essential Oils: A Focus on Antidermatophytic and Wound-Healing Potential
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Composition
2.2. Minimal Inhibitory and Minimal Lethal Concentrations of Ferulago spp. Essential Oils
2.3. Effect of Ferulago silaifolia Essential Oil on the Formation of Dermatophyte Biofilms
2.4. Effect of Ferulago silaifolia Essential Oil on the Disruption of Dermatophyte Pre-Formed Biofilms
2.5. Morphological Alterations Induced by Ferulago silaifolia Essential Oil on Dermatophytes
2.6. Effect of Ferulago setifolia and F. silaifolia Essential Oil on Fibrablast Migration
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material and Essential Oils
4.2. Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils on Planktonic Fungi
4.3. Evaluation of Essential Oils’ Effect on Biofilm Formation
- Biofilm mass:
- Extracellular matrix:
4.4. Evaluation of Essential Oils’ Effect on Biofilm Disruption
4.5. Effect of the Essential Oil on Fungal Morphology
4.6. Cell Viability Assay
4.7. Scratch Wound Assay
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MIC | Minimal Inhibitory Concentration |
MLC | Minimal Lethal Concentration |
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Species | Composition | |
---|---|---|
Main Compounds | Amount (%) | |
F. cassia Boiss. | α-pinene | 61.0 |
cis-crysanthenyl acetate | 21.3 | |
α-phellandrene | 4.5 | |
F. isaurica Peşmen | α-pinene | 17.3 |
α-phellandrene | 36.5 | |
limonene | 16.3 | |
F. setifolia K. Koch | α-pinene | 39.1 |
2,3,6-trimethyl benzaldehyde | 35.1 | |
sabinene | 8.2 | |
F. silaifolia (Boiss.) Boiss. | α-pinene | 45.4 |
cis-crysanthenyl acetate | 39.1 | |
myrcene | 1.7 | |
F. syriaca Boiss. | myrcene | 16.8 |
α-phellandrene | 8.8 | |
cubenol | 9.1 |
Dermatophyte Strains | Ferulago silaifolia | Ferulago setifolia | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MIC | MLC | MIC | MLC | |
Epidermophyton floccosum FF9 | 100 | 100–200 | 100–200 | 200–400 |
Microsporum canis FF1 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 200–400 |
Microsporum gypseum CECT 2908 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 400–600 |
Trichophyton mentagrophytes FF7 | 100–200 | 100–200 | 200 | 200 |
Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale CECT 2958 | 200 | 400 | 200 | 600 |
Trichophyton rubrum CECT 2794 | 50 | 100 | 50–100 | 100 |
Trichophyton verrucosum CECT 2992 | 200–400 | 600 | 200 | 400 |
Species | Local Name | Collection Date | Site of Collection | Accession Number |
---|---|---|---|---|
F. cassia (1) | şeytankişnişi | 20 June 2016 | Konya: Beyşehir, Tınaztepe-Bozkır old road, 1st km, serpentine areas, in gladelike areas under Pinus nigra, 1555 m | AEF 28775 |
F. isaurica (2) | kargıkişnişi | 21 June 2016 | Antalya-Alanya, between Durbannaz-Banlıca, under Pinus brutia forest, calcaerous rocks, 837 m | AEF 28778 |
F. setifolia (3) | kılkişniş | 14 July 2017 | Erzincan: Üzümlü district, Karakaya Town, between Karakaya-Tekçam Highland, high mountain steppe, 2047 m | AEF 28770 |
F. silaifolia (4) | ulukişniş | 7 June 2016 | Bursa, Uludağ road, 100 km to National Park, under Castanea sativa Mill. and Pinus nigra forest, 837 m | AEF 28771 |
F. syriaca (5) | kırkişnişi | 22 June 2016 | Hatay: Harbiye-Şenköy roa, ca. 5th–6th km, around maquis, 452 m | AEF28779 |
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Kılıç, C.S.; Catarino, I.; Alves-Silva, J.; Demirci, B.; Kırcı, D.; Salgueiro, L.; Zuzarte, M. Unlocking the Skin-Protective Effects of Ferulago spp. Essential Oils: A Focus on Antidermatophytic and Wound-Healing Potential. Antibiotics 2025, 14, 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14040343
Kılıç CS, Catarino I, Alves-Silva J, Demirci B, Kırcı D, Salgueiro L, Zuzarte M. Unlocking the Skin-Protective Effects of Ferulago spp. Essential Oils: A Focus on Antidermatophytic and Wound-Healing Potential. Antibiotics. 2025; 14(4):343. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14040343
Chicago/Turabian StyleKılıç, Ceyda Sibel, Inês Catarino, Jorge Alves-Silva, Betül Demirci, Damla Kırcı, Lígia Salgueiro, and Mónica Zuzarte. 2025. "Unlocking the Skin-Protective Effects of Ferulago spp. Essential Oils: A Focus on Antidermatophytic and Wound-Healing Potential" Antibiotics 14, no. 4: 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14040343
APA StyleKılıç, C. S., Catarino, I., Alves-Silva, J., Demirci, B., Kırcı, D., Salgueiro, L., & Zuzarte, M. (2025). Unlocking the Skin-Protective Effects of Ferulago spp. Essential Oils: A Focus on Antidermatophytic and Wound-Healing Potential. Antibiotics, 14(4), 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14040343