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Article

Chemical Composition of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Methanolic Leaf Extracts and Assessment of Their Antibacterial Activity through Oxidative Stress Induction

by
Halima Boukhibar
1,
Aicha Laouani
2,3,
Soraya Naila Touzout
1,
Rawaf Alenazy
4,*,
Mohammed Alqasmi
4,
Yaseen Bokhari
5,
khaled Saguem
2,3,
Mossadok Ben-Attia
6,
Safia El-Bok
1 and
Abderrahmen Merghni
7,*
1
Laboratory of Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change (LR11/ES09), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
2
Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology (LR12/ES02), Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
3
USCR Analytical Platform UHPLC-MS &Research in Medicine and Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
4
Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
5
College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 12714, Saudi Arabia
6
Environment Biomonitoring Laboratory (LR01/ES14), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
7
Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance LR99/ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2023, 12(8), 1253; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081253
Submission received: 23 June 2023 / Revised: 26 July 2023 / Accepted: 26 July 2023 / Published: 29 July 2023
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Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle methanolic leaf extracts from geographically distinct regions and to assess their antimicrobial properties along with their ability to induce oxidative stress. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids including chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, synapic acid, p-coumaric acid, apigenin, hyperoside, isoamnétine-3-O-beta-D-glucotrioside, quercetin, and isoquercetin in various amounts depending on the origin of tested extracts. The assessment of antibacterial activity showed the effectiveness of the A. altissima extracts particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, with inhibition zone diameters reaching 14 ± 1 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 to 72.2 mg/mL. These bioactive substances also exhibited strong antibiofilm activity with an eradication percentage reaching 67.07%. Furthermore, they increased ROS production to levels two to five times higher than the control group, altered the membrane integrity and caused lipid peroxidation with MDA production exceeding 2.5 µmol/mg protein in the Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. A decrease in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT was also observed, indicating an impairment of the bacterial response to the oxidative stress caused by the tested extracts. These findings highlight the antibacterial properties of A. altissima leaf extracts depending on their origins and promote their exploitation and application in the agro-food and pharmaceutical sectors.
Keywords: A. altissima; methanolic extracts; HPLC-DAD; antibacterial properties; oxidative stress; pathogenic bacteria A. altissima; methanolic extracts; HPLC-DAD; antibacterial properties; oxidative stress; pathogenic bacteria

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MDPI and ACS Style

Boukhibar, H.; Laouani, A.; Touzout, S.N.; Alenazy, R.; Alqasmi, M.; Bokhari, Y.; Saguem, k.; Ben-Attia, M.; El-Bok, S.; Merghni, A. Chemical Composition of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Methanolic Leaf Extracts and Assessment of Their Antibacterial Activity through Oxidative Stress Induction. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081253

AMA Style

Boukhibar H, Laouani A, Touzout SN, Alenazy R, Alqasmi M, Bokhari Y, Saguem k, Ben-Attia M, El-Bok S, Merghni A. Chemical Composition of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Methanolic Leaf Extracts and Assessment of Their Antibacterial Activity through Oxidative Stress Induction. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(8):1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081253

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boukhibar, Halima, Aicha Laouani, Soraya Naila Touzout, Rawaf Alenazy, Mohammed Alqasmi, Yaseen Bokhari, khaled Saguem, Mossadok Ben-Attia, Safia El-Bok, and Abderrahmen Merghni. 2023. "Chemical Composition of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Methanolic Leaf Extracts and Assessment of Their Antibacterial Activity through Oxidative Stress Induction" Antibiotics 12, no. 8: 1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081253

APA Style

Boukhibar, H., Laouani, A., Touzout, S. N., Alenazy, R., Alqasmi, M., Bokhari, Y., Saguem, k., Ben-Attia, M., El-Bok, S., & Merghni, A. (2023). Chemical Composition of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Methanolic Leaf Extracts and Assessment of Their Antibacterial Activity through Oxidative Stress Induction. Antibiotics, 12(8), 1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081253

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