Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity of Colombian Essential Oils against Different Candida Strains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Essential Oils
2.2. Determination of Antifungal Activity
2.3. Effect on Biofilm Formation
2.4. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis
2.5. Inhibition of Hyphal Formation in C. albicans
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Essential Oils
4.3. Microorganisms
4.4. Determination of Antifungal Activity of EOs
4.5. Effect of EOs on Biofilm Formation
4.6. Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis
4.7. Inhibition of Hyphal Formation in C. albicans by EOs
4.8. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Plant Code | Plant Species | Vouche Number | Major EO Compounds |
---|---|---|---|
TD-I | Turnera diffusa | UIS Herbarium 22037 | Dehydrofukinone (25.4%), aristolochene (17.9%), valencene (7.4%), β-selinene (5.2%), trans-β-caryophyllene (4.0%), β-elemene (4.0%), premnaspirodiene (3.7%), guaiol (3.5%), germacra-4,5,10-trien-1-α-ol (3.5%), and caryophyllene oxide (3.3%). |
EQ | Elaphandra quinquenervis | COL 587094 | Germacrene D (20.7%), α-phellandrene (9.1%), α-pinene (6.8%), trans-β-caryophyllene (5.1%), Δ3-carene (4.9%), limonene (4.5%), β-cubebene (3.5%), α-humulene (2.6%), premnaspirodiene (2.6%), and δ-cadinene (2.6%). |
LOC | Lippia origanoides, carvacrol chemotype | UIS Herbarium 22034 | Carvacrol (35%), p-cymene (14.4%), thymol (8.0%), γ-terpinene (5.3%), trans-β-caryophyllene (4.4%), β-myrcene (2.4%), carvacryl acetate (2.0%), thymyl methyl ether (1.9%), and α-terpinene (1.7%). |
LOCpT | Lippia origanoides, β-Caryophyllene-thymol chemotype | UIS Herbarium 22035 | trans-β-Caryophyllene (15.1%), thymol (14%), 1,8-cineole (13%), p-cymene (12.6%), α-humulene (8.1%), α-phellandrene (7.1%), α-eudesmol (2.6%), caryophyllene oxide (2.5%), γ-terpinene (2.4%), and limonene (2.1%). |
LOT-I | Lippia origanoides, thymol chemotype | COL 587107 | Thymol (75.3%), trans-β-caryophyllene (5.4%), carvacrol (4.9%), α-humulene (3.2%), p-cymene (2.3%), thymyl acetate (1.6%), thymyl methyl ether (1.3%), caryophyllene oxide (1.3%), and trans-β-bergamotene (1.0%). |
TD-III | Turnera diffusa | Herbarium UIS 22037 | Aristolochene (20.6%), dehydrofukinone (17.3%), p-cymene (5.8%), β-selinene (5.6%), valencene (5.2%), premnaspirodiene (4.2%), caryophyllene oxide (3.6%), trans-β-caryophyllene (2.8%), germacra-4,5,10-trien-1-α-ol (2.4%), and α-selinene. |
LOTC | Lippia origanoides, thymol-p-cymene chemotype | Herbarium UIS 22039 | Thymol (49.4%), p-cymene (19.1%), γ-terpinene (9.2%), β-myrcene (5.2%), α-terpinene (2.9%), carvacrol (2.7%), thymyl methyl ether (1.8%), trans-β-caryophyllene (1.6%), cis-β-ocimene (1.2%), and limonene (0.9%). |
LOT-II | Lippia origanoides, thymol chemotype | Herbarium UIS 22036 | Thymol (71.7%), p-cymene (10.5%), carvacrol (4.4%), β-myrcene (2.1%), γ-terpinene (2.0%), caryophyllene oxide (1.6%), thymyl methyl ether (0.9%), trans-β-caryophyllene (0.9%), humulene epoxide II (0.7%), and terpinen-4-ol (0.7%). |
LM | Lippia micromera | COL 560986 | p-Cymene (26.8%), thymyl methyl ether (26.3%), thymol (17.8%), thymyl acetate (5.7%), γ-terpinene (5.4%), 1,8-cineole (5.1%), α-terpinene (2.0%), β-myrcene (2.0%), trans-β-caryophyllene (1.7%), α-thujene (1.3%), and caryophyllene oxide (0.9%). |
OC | Ocimum campechianum | UIS Herbarium 20889 | Eugenol (35.3%), 1,8-cineole (15.6%), β-selinene (11.0%), trans-β-caryophyllene (7.4%), germacrene D (5.6%), α-selinene (4.8%), β-pinene (2.4%), β-elemene (1.9%), and α-humulene (1.5%). |
LACL | Lippia alba, carvone-limonene chemotype | UIS Herbarium 22031 | Limonene (40.1%), carvone (37.7%), germacrene D (8.1%), β-bourbonene (3.0%), piperitone (1.9%), β-myrcene (0.9%), piperitenone (0.8%), linalool (0.7%), borneol (0.7%), and trans-β-farnesene (0.7%). |
LACi | Lippia alba, citral chemotype | UIS Herbarium 22032 | Geranial (24.5%), geraniol (19.0%), neral (11.9%), trans-β-caryophyllene (9.1%), germacrene D (4.3%), geranyl acetate (2.8%), α-humulene (2.8%), β-elemene (2.6%), nerol (2.5%), and limonene (2.4%). |
MM-I | Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb. | UIS Herbarium 22041 | trans-Piperitone oxide (49.6%), menthone (8.9%), piperitenone oxide (4.8%), trans-β-caryophyllene (4.0%), limonene (3.3%), thymol (2.3%), 6-hydroxycarvotanacetone (2.3%), germacrene D (2.1%), β-pinene (2.0%), linalool (1.9%), and pulegone (1.7%). |
MM-II | Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb. | UIS Herbarium 22042 | Menthone (46.1%), pulegone (13.3%), piperitone (12.1%), trans-β-caryophyllene (7.0%), germacrene D (3.8%), iso-menthone (3.5%), bicyclogermacrene (3.4%), α-humulene (1.9%), α-pinene (1.3%), and β-pinene (1.2%). |
EO | C. albicans ATCC 10231 | C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 | C. auris CDC B11903 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC50 (µg/mL) | MFC (µg/mL) | MIC50 (µg/mL) | MFC (µg/mL) | MIC50 (µg/mL) | MFC (µg/mL) | |
EQ | NA | NA | 375 | NA | NA | NA |
LOC | 375 | NA | 281 | NA | 281 | NA |
LOCpT | 563 | 750 | 188 | NA | 750 | NA |
LOT-I | 281 | 750 | 188 | 750 | 188 | 563 |
LOTC | 188 | NA | 281 | NA | 188 | 375 |
LOT-II | 188 | 563 | 141 | 563 | 141 | 375 |
LM | 750 | NA | 188 | NA | 750 | NA |
OC | 563 | NA | 563 | NA | 563 | NA |
LACL | 750 | NA | 750 | NA | 188 | 563 |
LACi | 750 | NA | 750 | NA | 563 | NA |
MM-I | 750 | NA | 375 | 750 | 375 | NA |
HC | 563 | NA | 375 | 750 | 375 | NA |
Essential Oil | C. albicans ATCC 10231 | C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 | C. auris CDC B11903 |
---|---|---|---|
MBIC50 (µg/mL) | MBIC50 (µg/mL) | MBIC50 (µg/mL) | |
TD-I | NA | 750 | NA |
LOC | 281 | 188 | NA |
LOCpT | 375 | 281 | NA |
LOT-I | 53 | 53 | 53 |
CM-II | NA | 750 | NA |
TD-III | NA | 750 | NA |
LOTC | 94 | 141 | 141 |
LOT-II | 188 | 188 | 141 |
LACL | NA | 750 | NA |
MM-II | NA | NA | 188 |
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Ruiz-Duran, J.; Torres, R.; Stashenko, E.E.; Ortiz, C. Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity of Colombian Essential Oils against Different Candida Strains. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040668
Ruiz-Duran J, Torres R, Stashenko EE, Ortiz C. Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity of Colombian Essential Oils against Different Candida Strains. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(4):668. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040668
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuiz-Duran, Jennifer, Rodrigo Torres, Elena E. Stashenko, and Claudia Ortiz. 2023. "Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity of Colombian Essential Oils against Different Candida Strains" Antibiotics 12, no. 4: 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040668