Antifungal Activity of Mycogenic Silver Nanoparticles on Clinical Yeasts and Phytopathogens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Physicochemical Characterization of the AgNPs
2.2. Antifungal Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Fungal Strains
3.2. Biosynthesis and Physicochemical Analysis of the AgNPs
3.3. Antifungal Activity Assay
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AgNPs | Size (DLS) * | Size (TEM) * | PDI | Zeta Potential | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AgNP-Asp | 44.9 ± 4.1 | 33.3 ± 2.7 | 0.343 | −1.04 | 6.0 |
AgNP-AT | 43.4 ± 3.3 | 25.0 ± 6.5 | 0.080 | −22.26 | 7.0 |
AgNP-BO | 120.6 ± 3.5 | 21.8 ± 4.1 | 0.257 | −2.19 | 7.5 |
AgNP-CPP | 87.1 ± 3.4 | 35.8 ± 5.16 | 0.334 | −1.59 | 5.0 |
AgNP-EN | 71.2 ± 6.7 | 28.0 ± 6.31 | 0.404 | −33.28 | 5.0 |
AgNP-ER | 86.4 ± 6.4 | 22.1 ± 2.9 | 0.230 | −14.40 | 4.5 |
AgNP-FP | 59.6 ± 2.1 | 26.7 ± 5.3 | 0.199 | −15.33 | 6.0 |
AgNPs | ≈Vibrational Frequencies (cm−1) | Functional Groups |
---|---|---|
AgNP-Asp | 825–860 | Aromatic ring (2 adjacent H) |
1020–1170 | C-O (ether) | |
1320 | C-N (aromatic) | |
1560–1490 | N-H | |
1790 | C=O of acyl chloride | |
2925 | Aliphatic C-H | |
3200 | O-H (chelate) | |
AgNP-AT | 840–775 | R2C=CHR (C-H out of plane) |
1165–1040 | C-O (ether) | |
1300 | C-O (carboxyl) | |
1590–1500 2927 | C=C (aromatic) Aliphatic C-H | |
3062 | C-H (aromatic) | |
3200 | O-H (chelate) | |
AgNP-BO | 825 | Aromatic ring (2 adjacent H) |
1030–1018 | C-O (ether) | |
1350–1300 | C-O (ester) | |
1648 | C=O (amides) | |
2929–2900 | Aliphatic C-H | |
3400–3263 | O-H (chelate) | |
AgNP-CPP | 840–790 | R2C=CHR (C-H out of plane) |
1160–1021 | C-O (ether) | |
1289 | C-N (aromatic) | |
1490 | N-H | |
1625 | C=C (aromatic) | |
2936 | O-H (chelate) | |
3330 | Free NH (secondary amine) | |
AgNP-EN | 945 | RCH=CH2 |
1190–1026 | C-O (ethers) | |
1336 | SO2 (sulfone) | |
1500 | C=C (aromatic) | |
2360 | CO2 | |
2934 | O-H (chelate) | |
3343 | Free NH (secondary amines) | |
AgNP-ER | 820–798 | R2C=CHR |
1170–1025 | C-O (ether) | |
1312 | SO2 (sulfone) | |
1493 | N-H | |
1621 | C=C (aromatic) | |
2936 | Aliphatic C-H | |
3230 | O-H (chelate) | |
AgNP-FP | 835–820 | Aromatic ring |
1168–1020 | C-O (ether) | |
1300 | C-O (ester) | |
1490 | N-H | |
1550 | NH2 | |
1630 | C=O (amides) | |
1790 | C=O (acyl chloride) | |
2925 | C-H (aliphatic) | |
3055 | C-H (alkene) | |
3200 | O-H (chelate) |
Yeasts | AgNP-Asp | AgNP-AT | AgNP-BO | AgNP-CPP | AgNP-EN | AgNP-ER | AgNP-FP | AMB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C. albicans ATCC 36802 | 2.5 | 20 | 5 | >40 | 1.25 | 20 | 10 | 32 |
C. albicans IOC 4556 | 10 | 40 | 20 | >40 | 20 | 20 | 20 | >32 |
C. albicans IOC 4525 | 2.5 | 20 | 20 | >40 | 10 | 20 | 20 | >32 |
C. albicans IOC 4558 | 10 | 40 | 20 | >40 | 20 | 10 | 10 | >32 |
C. glabrata IOC 4565 | 5 | 5 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 5 | >40 | >32 |
C. krusei IOC 4559 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 5 | 1.25 | >32 |
C. guillermondii IOC 4557 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 32 |
C. parapsilosis IOC 4564 | 40 | 20 | 10 | 2.5 | 10 | 10 | >40 | >32 |
C. tropicalis IOC 4560 | >40 | 20 | 20 | 5 | 20 | 10 | 5 | >32 |
Phytopathogens | AgNP-Asp | AgNP-AT | AgNP-BO | AgNP-CPP | AgNP-EN | AgNP-FP | AgNP-ER | AMB | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC | FC | MIC | FC | MIC | FC | MIC | FC | MIC | FC | MIC | FC | MIC | FC | MIC | FC | |
C. lunata | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
F. sacchari | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | >250 | 16 | 16 |
F. subglutinans | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | >250 | >250 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 120 | 16 | 16 |
F. oxysporum (WLA-FP07) | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | >250 | >250 | 250 | 250 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | >32 | >32 |
F. oxysporum (WLA-FP25) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 120 | 120 | 60 | 60 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 16 | 16 |
F. verticillioides | 16 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 60 | 60 | 16 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 16 |
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Ribeiro, L.G.; Roque, G.S.C.; Conrado, R.; De Souza, A.O. Antifungal Activity of Mycogenic Silver Nanoparticles on Clinical Yeasts and Phytopathogens. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010091
Ribeiro LG, Roque GSC, Conrado R, De Souza AO. Antifungal Activity of Mycogenic Silver Nanoparticles on Clinical Yeasts and Phytopathogens. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(1):91. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010091
Chicago/Turabian StyleRibeiro, Luiz Gustavo, Gabriella Sales Calaço Roque, Rafael Conrado, and Ana Olívia De Souza. 2023. "Antifungal Activity of Mycogenic Silver Nanoparticles on Clinical Yeasts and Phytopathogens" Antibiotics 12, no. 1: 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010091