Use of Intravesical Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Notes on the Pathophysiology of IC/BPS
- dysfunction of the epithelial barrier;
- mast cell activation; and
- neurogenic inflammation.
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Preclinical Studies
3.2. Clinical Trial
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Donmez et al., 2016 [16] | Chen et al., 2020 [17] |
---|---|---|
Purpose | To investigate the early histological effects of intravesical instillations of PRP | To investigate whether the intravesical instillation of PRP could be ameliorate urothelial injury |
Animal model used | 36 rabbits | 30 virgin female rats |
Design | Experimental | Experimental |
Investigated variables | Histopathology of the bladder sections, mitotic index | Histopathology of the bladder sections, ZO-2 expression, IL-6 expression, voiding intervals value |
Significant results | In the PRP-treated groups, there was an increase in the mitotic index, reduction in hemorrhage, and an increase in leukocyte infiltration | In the PRP-treated groups, there was an increase in HFCs, an increase in the interval between micturitions, an increase in ZO-2 expression, and a decrease in IL-6 expression |
Study | Jhang et al., 2017 [19] | Jhang et al., 2018 [20] | Jiang et al., 2020 [21] |
---|---|---|---|
Purpose | To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravesical injections of PRP | To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravesical injections of PRP | To investigate the changes in urinary markers after PRP treatment |
Design | Prospective clinical trial | Prospective clinical trial | Prospective clinical trial |
Subjects | N = 15 women, but 13 completed the 4 injections and follow-up visits | N = 40 (37 women and 3 men) | N = 40 (37 women and 3 men) |
Protocols | 4 PRP endovesical injections monthly | 4 PRP endovesical injections monthly | 4 PRP endovesical injections monthly |
Primary outcome | Change in the OSS index from baseline to 1 month after the 4th PRP injection | GRA score at 3 months after the 4th PRP injection | Urinary levels of cytokines, functional proteins, and growth factors |
Secondary endpoints | VAS score, daily urination frequency, nocturia, FBC, maximum flow rate, voided volume, PVR, GRA score, IL-2 expression, and IL-8 expression | OSS index, VAS score, daily urination frequency, nocturia FBC, maximum flow rate, voided volume, PVR | OSS index, VAS score, daily urination frequency, nocturia FBC, maximum flow rate, voided volume, PVR |
Significant results | OSS index and VAS score decreased, FBC and GRA score increased after the 1st PRP injection until 1 month after the 4th PRP injection, no change in PVR | GRA score improved after the 1st PRP injection until 3 months after the 4th PRP injection, OSS index and VAS score decreased, FBC decreased and urination frequency and nocturia decreased, no change in PVR | GRA score improved; VAS score, urination frequency, and nocturia decreased; urinary levels of NGF and VEGF decreased; urinary level of PDGF increased |
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Trama, F.; Illiano, E.; Marchesi, A.; Brancorsini, S.; Crocetto, F.; Pandolfo, S.D.; Zucchi, A.; Costantini, E. Use of Intravesical Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101194
Trama F, Illiano E, Marchesi A, Brancorsini S, Crocetto F, Pandolfo SD, Zucchi A, Costantini E. Use of Intravesical Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(10):1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101194
Chicago/Turabian StyleTrama, Francesco, Ester Illiano, Alessandro Marchesi, Stefano Brancorsini, Felice Crocetto, Savio Domenico Pandolfo, Alessandro Zucchi, and Elisabetta Costantini. 2021. "Use of Intravesical Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Literature Review" Antibiotics 10, no. 10: 1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101194