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Review

Insights to Resistive Pulse Sensing of Microparticle and Biological Cells on Microfluidic Chip

1
Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
2
2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
3
Houston International Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biosensors 2025, 15(8), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080496 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 1 July 2025 / Revised: 20 July 2025 / Accepted: 31 July 2025 / Published: 1 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Microfluidic Devices and Lab-on-Chip (Bio)sensors)

Abstract

Since the initial use of biological ion channels to detect single-stranded genomic base pair differences, label-free and highly sensitive resistive pulse sensing (RPS) with nanopores has made remarkable progress in single-molecule analysis. By monitoring transient ionic current disruptions caused by molecules translocating through a nanopore, this technology offers detailed insights into the structure, charge, and dynamics of the analytes. In this work, the RPS platforms based on biological, solid-state, and other sensing pores, detailing their latest research progress and applications, are reviewed. Their core capability is the high-precision characterization of tiny particles, ions, and nucleotides, which are widely used in biomedicine, clinical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. However, current RPS methods involve bottlenecks, including limited sensitivity (weak signals from sub-nanometer targets with low SNR), complex sample interference (high false positives from ionic strength, etc.), and field consistency (solid-state channel drift, short-lived bio-pores failing POCT needs). To overcome this, bio-solid-state fusion channels, in-well reactors, deep learning models, and transfer learning provide various options. Evolving into an intelligent sensing ecosystem, RPS is expected to become a universal platform linking basic research, precision medicine, and on-site rapid detection.
Keywords: resistive pulse sensing; microfluidics; tunable detection; micro-target resistive pulse sensing; microfluidics; tunable detection; micro-target

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yao, Y.; Zhao, K.; Jia, H.; Wei, Z.; Huo, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, K. Insights to Resistive Pulse Sensing of Microparticle and Biological Cells on Microfluidic Chip. Biosensors 2025, 15, 496. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080496

AMA Style

Yao Y, Zhao K, Jia H, Wei Z, Huo Y, Zhang Y, Zhang K. Insights to Resistive Pulse Sensing of Microparticle and Biological Cells on Microfluidic Chip. Biosensors. 2025; 15(8):496. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080496

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yao, Yiming, Kai Zhao, Haoxin Jia, Zhengxing Wei, Yiyang Huo, Yi Zhang, and Kaihuan Zhang. 2025. "Insights to Resistive Pulse Sensing of Microparticle and Biological Cells on Microfluidic Chip" Biosensors 15, no. 8: 496. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080496

APA Style

Yao, Y., Zhao, K., Jia, H., Wei, Z., Huo, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, K. (2025). Insights to Resistive Pulse Sensing of Microparticle and Biological Cells on Microfluidic Chip. Biosensors, 15(8), 496. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080496

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