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Biosensors
Volume 15
Issue 12
10.3390/bios15120773
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Review

Intelligent Biosensors Based on Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Monitoring Chronic Wound Healing with the Involvement of Artificial Intelligence

by
Antonia-Mihaela Nicolae
1,
Mihaela Badea
1,2,*,
Sandica Bucurica
3,
Florina Rasaliu
1,4 and
Elena Mihaela Constantinescu
1,2
1
Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 56 Nicolae Balcescu, 500019 Brasov, Romania
2
Research Center for Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine, Research and Development Institute, Transilvania University of Brasov, 10 Institutului St., 500484 Brasov, Romania
3
Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bdul Eroilor Sanitari 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
4
Clinical County Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 36 Gheorghe Bariţiu St., 500025 Brasov, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biosensors 2025, 15(12), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15120773
Submission received: 25 July 2025 / Revised: 10 November 2025 / Accepted: 21 November 2025 / Published: 25 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogel-Based Biosensors: From Design to Applications)
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Abstract

Chronic wounds, such as those caused by diabetes, burns, and pressure ulcers, pose significant healthcare challenges due to their slow healing and potential for infections. Traditional methods for monitoring wound healing are often intrusive, slow, and lack real-time data. To overcome these limitations, innovative biosensors using hyaluronic acid hydrogels have emerged as a promising solution. As a non-intrusive, biocompatible platform, these biosensors can track pH, glucose levels, inflammatory proteins, and other key biomarkers as wounds heal. With the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), they enable personalized treatment adjustments and early complication detection through real-time data analysis and predictive modeling. This review discusses the recent progress of hyaluronic acid hydrogel biosensors for long-term wound healing, evaluating their strengths, challenges, and potential future improvements. This work aims to enhance chronic wound management and improve multiple clinical outcomes by focusing on the intersection of biomaterial innovation and AI.
Keywords: chronic wound healing; hyaluronic acid hydrogels; biosensors; artificial intelligence; biomarkers chronic wound healing; hyaluronic acid hydrogels; biosensors; artificial intelligence; biomarkers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nicolae, A.-M.; Badea, M.; Bucurica, S.; Rasaliu, F.; Constantinescu, E.M. Intelligent Biosensors Based on Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Monitoring Chronic Wound Healing with the Involvement of Artificial Intelligence. Biosensors 2025, 15, 773. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15120773

AMA Style

Nicolae A-M, Badea M, Bucurica S, Rasaliu F, Constantinescu EM. Intelligent Biosensors Based on Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Monitoring Chronic Wound Healing with the Involvement of Artificial Intelligence. Biosensors. 2025; 15(12):773. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15120773

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicolae, Antonia-Mihaela, Mihaela Badea, Sandica Bucurica, Florina Rasaliu, and Elena Mihaela Constantinescu. 2025. "Intelligent Biosensors Based on Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Monitoring Chronic Wound Healing with the Involvement of Artificial Intelligence" Biosensors 15, no. 12: 773. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15120773

APA Style

Nicolae, A.-M., Badea, M., Bucurica, S., Rasaliu, F., & Constantinescu, E. M. (2025). Intelligent Biosensors Based on Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Monitoring Chronic Wound Healing with the Involvement of Artificial Intelligence. Biosensors, 15(12), 773. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15120773

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