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Biosensors
Volume 14
Issue 9
10.3390/bios14090448
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Article

A Novel Ferrocene-Linked Thionine as a Dual Redox Mediator for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide

by
Manikandan Palinci Nagarajan
1,2,
Manikandan Ramalingam
1,
Ilakeya Subbiah Arivuthilagam
1,
Vishwa Paramaguru
1,
Md. Mahbubur Rahman
3,
Jongdeok Park
1,
Francis Kwaku Asiam
1,
Byungjik Lee
1,
Kwang Pyo Kim
2,* and
Jae-Joon Lee
1,*
1
Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Phil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoung-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Energy Materials Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090448
Submission received: 13 May 2024 / Revised: 14 September 2024 / Accepted: 16 September 2024 / Published: 19 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors to Support the One Health Concept)
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Abstract

We introduce a novel dual redox mediator synthesized by covalently linking ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (FcDA) and thionine (TH) onto a pre-treated glassy carbon electrode. This unique structure significantly enhances the electro-oxidation of dopamine (DA) and the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), offering a sensitive detection method for both analytes. The electrode exhibits exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, demonstrating potential for practical applications in biosensing. It facilitates rapid electron transfer between the analyte and the electrode surface, detecting H2O2 concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 60 µM with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.49 µM and DA concentrations from 0.3 to 230 µM with an LoD of 0.07 µM. The electrode’s performance was validated through real-sample analyses, yielding satisfactory results.
Keywords: redox mediator; electro-oxidation; limit of detection; ferrocene; thionine redox mediator; electro-oxidation; limit of detection; ferrocene; thionine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Palinci Nagarajan, M.; Ramalingam, M.; Subbiah Arivuthilagam, I.; Paramaguru, V.; Rahman, M.M.; Park, J.; Asiam, F.K.; Lee, B.; Kim, K.P.; Lee, J.-J. A Novel Ferrocene-Linked Thionine as a Dual Redox Mediator for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide. Biosensors 2024, 14, 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090448

AMA Style

Palinci Nagarajan M, Ramalingam M, Subbiah Arivuthilagam I, Paramaguru V, Rahman MM, Park J, Asiam FK, Lee B, Kim KP, Lee J-J. A Novel Ferrocene-Linked Thionine as a Dual Redox Mediator for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide. Biosensors. 2024; 14(9):448. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090448

Chicago/Turabian Style

Palinci Nagarajan, Manikandan, Manikandan Ramalingam, Ilakeya Subbiah Arivuthilagam, Vishwa Paramaguru, Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Jongdeok Park, Francis Kwaku Asiam, Byungjik Lee, Kwang Pyo Kim, and Jae-Joon Lee. 2024. "A Novel Ferrocene-Linked Thionine as a Dual Redox Mediator for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide" Biosensors 14, no. 9: 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090448

APA Style

Palinci Nagarajan, M., Ramalingam, M., Subbiah Arivuthilagam, I., Paramaguru, V., Rahman, M. M., Park, J., Asiam, F. K., Lee, B., Kim, K. P., & Lee, J.-J. (2024). A Novel Ferrocene-Linked Thionine as a Dual Redox Mediator for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide. Biosensors, 14(9), 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090448

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