Experimental Investigation of Thermal and Pressure Performance in Computer Cooling Systems Using Different Types of Nanofluids
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Nanofluid Preparation and Characterization
3. Thermophysical Properties
4. Experimental Setup
5. Data Processing
6. Results
6.1. Heat Sink Base Temperature
6.2. Heat Transfer Coefficients
6.3. Pressure Drop
6.4. Pumping Power
7. Conclusions
- Increasing the concentration of the nanoparticles from 0.5% to 2% and increasing the mass flow rate causes a decrease in the base temperature of the heat sink more than the base fluid. The CeO2 nanofluid at a 2% concentration reduces the temperature with an 8.3% since the CeO2 nanofluid has the highest thermal conductivity and viscosity. At the same concentration, the Al2O3 and ZrO2 nanofluids show 6.1% and 4.2% temperature decrease, respectively, compared with the base fluid EG/DW (20:80). Moreover, increasing the ambient temperature from 25 °C to 40 °C led to an increase of the heat sink base temperature.
- Adding nanoparticles to the base fluid and increasing the mass flow rate leads to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient much more than the base fluid. The CeO2 nanofluid shows the highest heat transfer coefficient with a 29% enhancement, while the Al2O3 nanofluid shows a 22% enhancement. The ZrO2 showed a 17% enhancement. Furthermore, increasing the ambient temperature from 25 °C to 40 °C led to a decrease in the heat transfer coefficient.
- The pressure drops and pumping power increase when the mass flow rate and concentration of the nanofluid increases. The Al2O3-EG/DW shows the lowest value followed by ZrO2-EG/DW and CeO2-EG/DW. However, a slight increase of pumping power and pressure drop can be balanced by considering the high improvement of the nanofluid in computer cooling performance compared to the base fluid.
- The novelty of the study consists in providing information about the comparative behavior of CeO2, Al2O3 and ZrO2 nanoparticles suspended in EG/DW (20:80) when used as cooling fluids in computer cooling systems. Graphs are provided with the variation of the convective heat transfer coefficient, heat sink base temperature, pressure drop and pumping power, against the nanoparticles concentration in nanofluids and the mass flow rate of the cooling fluid.
- From an academic point of view, the work establishes a procedure for the preparation and characterization of nanofluids. An experimental setup was created to investigate the heat transfer performances of a computer cooling system with nanofluids as the cooling fluid. Of academic interest is the data processing developed in the work.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | N.P Type | N.P Size (nm) | Base Fluid | V.F % | MCHS Enhancement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nguyen et al. [35] | Al2O3 | 47 | Water | 0.69 to 4.5 |
|
Chein and Chuang [36] | CuO | 20 to 80 | Water | 0.2 to 0.4 |
|
Ho et al. [37] | Al2O3 | 33 | Water | 0 to 2 |
|
Korpyś et al. [38] | CuO | 30 to 50 | Water | 0.0086 to 0.0225 |
|
Nitiapiruk et al. [39] | TiO2 | --- | Water | 0.5, 1 2 |
|
Rimbault et al. [40] | CuO | 29 | Water | 0.24, 1.03, 4.5 |
|
Nazari et al. [41] | Al2O3 CNT | 40 | Water EG | 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 |
|
Sivakumar et al. [42] | Al2O3 CuO | 15 | Water EG | 0.01 to 0.3 |
|
Singh and Kumar [43] | Al2O3 | --- | Water | 1 to 3 |
|
Arslan et al. [44] | CNT | --- | Water | 0.01 |
|
Thansekhar and Anbumeenakshi [45] | Al2O3 SiO2 | 43 | Water | 0.1, 0.25 |
|
Manay and Sahin [46] | TiO2 | 25 | Water | 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 |
|
Nanoparticle | Purity | Diameter | Density | Shape | Used Nanoparticles Concentrations (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CeO2 | 99.9% | <50 nm | 7.22 g/cm3 | spherical | 0.5, 1, 2 |
Al2O3 | 99.9% | <50 nm | 3.97 g/cm3 | Nearly spherical | 0.5, 1, 2 |
ZrO2 | 99.9% | <50 nm | 5.6 g/cm3 | Nearly spherical | 0.5, 1, 2 |
Working Fluid | Concentration % | K (W/m·K) | Cp (J/(kg·K)) | µ (Ns/m2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base fluid | 0 | 0.498 | 3828 | 1029 | 0.00147 |
CeO2 EG/DW | 0.5 | 0.527 | 3713 | 1057 | 0.00159 |
1 | 0.535 | 3605 | 1089 | 0.00173 | |
2 | 0.547 | 3406 | 1152 | 0.00188 | |
Al2O3 EG/DW | 0.5 | 0.525 | 3771 | 1040 | 0.00153 |
1 | 0.532 | 3717 | 1058 | 0.00166 | |
2 | 0.545 | 3612 | 1086 | 0.00178 | |
ZrO2 EG/DW | 0.5 | 0.503 | 3737 | 1047 | 0.00158 |
1 | 0.509 | 3650 | 1076 | 0.00171 | |
2 | 0.518 | 3487 | 1119 | 0.00187 |
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Alfaryjat, A.; Miron, L.; Pop, H.; Apostol, V.; Stefanescu, M.-F.; Dobrovicescu, A. Experimental Investigation of Thermal and Pressure Performance in Computer Cooling Systems Using Different Types of Nanofluids. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9091231
Alfaryjat A, Miron L, Pop H, Apostol V, Stefanescu M-F, Dobrovicescu A. Experimental Investigation of Thermal and Pressure Performance in Computer Cooling Systems Using Different Types of Nanofluids. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9(9):1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9091231
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfaryjat, Altayyeb, Lucian Miron, Horatiu Pop, Valentin Apostol, Mariana-Florentina Stefanescu, and Alexandru Dobrovicescu. 2019. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal and Pressure Performance in Computer Cooling Systems Using Different Types of Nanofluids" Nanomaterials 9, no. 9: 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9091231