Understanding of Nanophase Separation and Hydrophilic Morphology in Nafion and SPEEK Membranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiment and Simulation Detail
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Nafion and SPEEK Membranes
2.3. Characterization Methods
2.4. Model Constructions and Simulation Details
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Water Uptake, Proton Conductivity, Fuel Crossover and Mechanical Performance
3.2. Nanophase Separation Morphology
3.3. Hydrophilic Cluster in Nafion and SPEEK Systems
3.4. Diffusion Coefficients of Water and Hydronium
3.5. Hydrated Hydronium Complexes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PEM | Water Uptake at 20 °C | Proton Conductivity in DI Water at 80 °C (S cm−1) | Methanol Permeability (cm2 s−1) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Modulus (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nafion | 26.5% | 0.167 | 2.41 × 10−6 | 13.9 | 215 |
SPEEK | 22.5% | 0.120 | 1.97 × 10−7 | 23.9 | 632 |
PEM | Atomic Types | Water Content (25%) | Water Content (50%) | Water Content (100%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nafion | λ | 4 | 8 | 16 |
Os–Oh | 0.658 | 0.526 | 0.384 | |
S–Ow | 2.53 | 3.63 | 5.70 | |
S–Oh | 2.02 | 1.62 | 1.16 | |
Oh–Ow | 1.41 | 2.26 | 2.90 | |
SPEEK | Λ | 2 | 4 | 8 |
Os–Oh | 0.759 | 0.712 | 0.621 | |
S–Ow | 1.24 | 2.52 | 3.62 | |
S–Oh | 2.20 | 2.12 | 1.97 | |
Oh–Ow | 0.70 | 1.14 | 1.81 |
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Wang, R.; Liu, S.; Wang, L.; Li, M.; Gao, C. Understanding of Nanophase Separation and Hydrophilic Morphology in Nafion and SPEEK Membranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9060869
Wang R, Liu S, Wang L, Li M, Gao C. Understanding of Nanophase Separation and Hydrophilic Morphology in Nafion and SPEEK Membranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9(6):869. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9060869
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Rujie, Shanshan Liu, Lidong Wang, Ming Li, and Chong Gao. 2019. "Understanding of Nanophase Separation and Hydrophilic Morphology in Nafion and SPEEK Membranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies" Nanomaterials 9, no. 6: 869. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9060869