Diagnosis in a Preclinical Model of Bladder Pain Syndrome Using a Au/ZnO Nanorod-based SERS Substrate
by
Sanghwa Lee 1,†
, Jung-Man Namgoong 2,†, Hwan Yeul Yu 3,4, Miyeon Jue 1, Gwanho Kim 5, Sangmin Jeon 5, Dong-Myung Shin 4, Myung-Soo Choo 3, Jinmyoung Joo 6, Chan-Gi Pack 4,7 and Jun Ki Kim 1,7,*
Sanghwa Lee 1,†, Jung-Man Namgoong 2,†, Hwan Yeul Yu 3,4, Miyeon Jue 1, Gwanho Kim 5, Sangmin Jeon 5, Dong-Myung Shin 4, Myung-Soo Choo 3, Jinmyoung Joo 6, Chan-Gi Pack 4,7 and Jun Ki Kim 1,7,*
1
Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
2
Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
3
Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
4
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
5
Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
6
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
7
Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nanomaterials 2019, 9(2), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9020224
Received: 31 December 2018 / Revised: 30 January 2019 / Accepted: 5 February 2019 / Published: 7 February 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Raman Imaging Methods for Nanomaterials and Bioapplications)
To evaluate the feasibility of ZnO nanorod-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) diagnostics for disease models, particularly for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), ZnO-based SERS sensing chips were developed and applied to an animal disease model. ZnO nanorods were grown to form nano-sized porous structures and coated with gold to facilitate size-selective biomarker detection. Raman spectra were acquired on a surface enhanced Raman substrate from the urine in a rat model of IC/BPS and analyzed using a statistical analysis method called principal component analysis (PCA). The nanorods grown after the ZnO seed deposition were 30 to 50 nm in diameter and 500 to 600 nm in length. A volume of gold corresponding to a thin film thickness of 100 nm was deposited on the grown nanorod structure. Raman spectroscopic signals were measured in the scattered region for nanometer biomarker detection to indicate IC/BPS. The Raman peaks for the control group and IC/BPS group are observed at 641, 683, 723, 873, 1002, 1030, and 1355 cm−1, which corresponded to various bonding types and compounds. The PCA results are plotted in 2D and 3D. The Raman signals and statistical analyses obtained from the nano-sized biomarkers of intractable inflammatory diseases demonstrate the possibility of an early diagnosis.
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Keywords:
interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS); ZnO nanorods; surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS); principal component analysis (PCA)
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lee, S.; Namgoong, J.-M.; Yu, H.Y.; Jue, M.; Kim, G.; Jeon, S.; Shin, D.-M.; Choo, M.-S.; Joo, J.; Pack, C.-G.; Kim, J.K. Diagnosis in a Preclinical Model of Bladder Pain Syndrome Using a Au/ZnO Nanorod-based SERS Substrate. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 224.
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