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Open AccessArticle
Microstructural Properties and Pressure Distribution in Ultra-Short-Pulse Welds of Sapphire to Iron
1
Department Werkstoffwissenschaften, Institut für Glas und Keramik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
2
SCHOTT AG, Hattenbergstraße 10, 55122 Mainz, Germany
3
Analytical Mineralogy, Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
4
Geoscience Centre, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2026, 16(12), 737; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16120737 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 May 2026
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Revised: 2 June 2026
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Accepted: 10 June 2026
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Published: 13 June 2026
Abstract
The ultra-short-pulse (USP) laser joining of sapphire to iron is investigated by combining electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and ruby (Cr) R fluorescence mapping to resolve the joint microstructure and pressure distributions. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) reveals Al, O, and Fe intermixing within the seam, consistent with the formation of thin Fe–Al–O reaction layers. R fluorescence yields a maximum internal pressure of within the modified sapphire region and decays to near-zero within a few micrometres distance from the seam. EBSD data suggest a single-crystal sapphire lattice with localized disorientation adjacent to the joint, whereas the iron foil remains polycrystalline with rolling-induced misorientation without additional weld-induced grain refinement. These results demonstrate that USP joining of sapphire to iron produces localized interfacial reaction zones, with confined pressure predominantly occurring within sapphire.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Günther, L.; Friedrich, A.; Thomas, J.U.; Müller, T.; Ligny, D.d.
Microstructural Properties and Pressure Distribution in Ultra-Short-Pulse Welds of Sapphire to Iron. Nanomaterials 2026, 16, 737.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16120737
AMA Style
Günther L, Friedrich A, Thomas JU, Müller T, Ligny Dd.
Microstructural Properties and Pressure Distribution in Ultra-Short-Pulse Welds of Sapphire to Iron. Nanomaterials. 2026; 16(12):737.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16120737
Chicago/Turabian Style
Günther, Lukas, Anne Friedrich, Jens Ulrich Thomas, Thomas Müller, and Dominique de Ligny.
2026. "Microstructural Properties and Pressure Distribution in Ultra-Short-Pulse Welds of Sapphire to Iron" Nanomaterials 16, no. 12: 737.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16120737
APA Style
Günther, L., Friedrich, A., Thomas, J. U., Müller, T., & Ligny, D. d.
(2026). Microstructural Properties and Pressure Distribution in Ultra-Short-Pulse Welds of Sapphire to Iron. Nanomaterials, 16(12), 737.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16120737
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